NDLI: The Filon Norte orebody (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt): a proximal low-temperature shale-hosted massive sulphide in a thin-skinned tectonic belt

Please wait, while we are loading the content...

The volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt Review and preface to the Thematic Issue : Review and preface to the Thematic Issue

A reappraisal of the structure of the Spanish segment of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Lead isotope systematics of the giant massive sulphide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Chert in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Antithetic behaviour of gold in the volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Magmatism in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: petrological constraints on a metallogenic model

Geology and genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulphide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

Geometry and genesis of feeder zones of massive sulphide deposits: constraints from the Rio Tinto ore deposit (Spain)

The Filon Norte orebody (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt): a proximal low-temperature shale-hosted massive sulphide in a thin-skinned tectonic belt

Geology and geophysics as successful tools in the discovery of the Lagoa Salgada Orebody (Sado Tertiary Basin – Iberian Pyrite Belt), Grândola, Portugal

Multi-phase water-rhyolite interaction and ore fluid generation at Aljustrel, Portugal

Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous peak sulphide mineralization in the Western Hercynides

Mineralium Deposita : Volume 32

The Filon Norte orebody (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt): a proximal low-temperature shale-hosted massive sulphide in a thin-skinned tectonic belt

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Tors, F. Clavijo, E. González Spiro, B.
Copyright Year	1997
Abstract	The Filón Norte orebody (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt) is one of the largest pyrite-rich massive sulphide deposits of the world. The present structure of the mineralization consists of an internally complex low-angle north-dipping thrust system of Variscan age. There are three major tectonic units separated by thick fault zones, each unit with its own lithologic and hydrothermal features. They are internally organized in a hinterland dipping duplex sequence with high-angle horses of competent rocks (igneous and detritic rocks and massive sulphides) bounded by phyllonites. The mineralization is within the Lower Unit and is composed of several stacked sheets of massive sulphides and shales hosting a stockwork zone with no obvious zonation. The Intermediate Unit is made up of pervasively ankeritized shales and basalts (spilites). Here, hydrothermal breccias are abundant. The Upper Unit is the less hydrothermally altered one and consists of silicified dacites and a diabase sill. The tectonic reconstruction suggests that the sequence is inverted and the altered igneous rocks were originally below the orebody. Carbon, oxygen and sulphur isotopes in the massive sulphides and hydrothermal rocks as well as the mineral assemblage and the paragenetic succession suggest that the sulphide precipitation in the sea floor took place at a low temperature (<≈150 °C) without indication, at least in the exposed section, of a high-temperature copper-rich event. Sporadic deep subsea-floor boiling is probably responsible for the formation of hydrothermal breccias and the wide extension of the stockwork. Its Co-Au enrichment is interpreted as being related with the superposition of some critical factors, such as the relationship with black shales, the low temperature of formation and the boiling of hydrothermal fluids. The present configuration and thickness of the orebody is due to the tectonic stacking of a thin and extensive blanket (2–4 km2) of massive sulphides with low aspect ratio. They were formed by poorly focused venting of hot modified seawater equilibrated with underlying rocks into the seafloor. Massive sulphide precipitation took place by hydrothermal fluid quenching, bacteriogenic activity and particle settling in an unusual, restricted, euxinic and shallow basin (brine pool?) with a low detritic input but with important hydrothermal activity related to synsedimentary extensional faulting. Resedimentation of sulphides seems to be of major importance and responsible for the observed well-mixed proximal and distal facies. The tectonic deformation is largely heterogeneous and has been mostly channelled along the phyllonitic (tectonized shales) deformation bands. Thus, sedimentary and diagenetic textures are relatively well-preserved outside the deformation bands. In the massive sulphides, superimposed Variscan recrystallization is not very important and only some early textures are replaced by metamorphic/tectonic ones. The stockwork is much more deformed than the massive sulphides. The deformation has a critical effect on the present morphology of the orebody and the distribution of the ore minerals. This deposit is a typical example of the sheet-like, shale-hosted, anoxic, low temperature and Zn-rich massive sulphides developed in a ensialic extensional basin. (translated by E. Pascual) La mineralización de Filón Norte (Tharsis, Faja Pirítica Ibérica) es uno de los mayores sulfuros masivos del mundo, con más de 100 Mt millones de toneladas de reservas originales. La estructura actual de la mineralización está formada por un sistema complejo e imbricado de cabalgamientos de bajo ángulo buzantes al norte y de edad varisca. Hay tres unidades tectónicas mayores, cada una con sus propios rasgos litológicos e hidrotermales, separadas por potentes zonas de falla. Internamente se organizan en un sistema de tipo “duplex” buzante hacia la zona de raíz con las rocas más competentes formando “horses” rodeados por filonitas. La mineralización encaja en la Unidad Inferior y está formada por varias láminas apiladas de sulfuros masivos y pizarras en las que encaja una zona de “stockwork” sin zonación hidrotermal evidente. La Unidad Intermedia consiste en pizarras y basaltos (espilitas) con una ankeritización generalizada y cortadas por abundantes brechas hidrotermales. La Unidad Superior es la menos hidrotermalizada y está formada por dacitas silicificadas y un “sill” de diabasas. La reconstrucción tectónica sugiere que la secuencia está invertida y las rocas ígneas alteradas se localizaban orginariamente bajo los sulfuros masivos. Los isótopos de carbono, oxígeno y azufre de los sulfuros masivos y las otras rocas hidrotermales así como la asociación mineral y la evolución paragenética sugieren que la precipitación de los sulfuros en el fondo marino tuvo lugar a bajas temperaturas (<≈150 °C) sin evidencias, al menos en las zonas observables, de un evento de alta temperatura rico en cobre. Una ebullición esporádica v profunda bajo el fondo marino es probablemente la responsable de la formación de las brechas hidrotermales y la gran amplitud del “stockwork”. Su enriquecimiento en Co y Au se interpreta como debido a la superposición de varios factores críticos que incluyen la relación con pizarras negras, la baja temperatura de formación y la ebullición de los fluidos hidrotermales. La potencia y configuración actual de la mineralización es debida al apilamien totectónico de una delgada y extensa lámina (2–4 km2) de sulfuros masivos. Esta se formó en relación con la exhalación difusa en el fondo marino de agua marina caliente equilibrada con las rocas infrayacentes. La precipitación de los sulfuros masivos tuvo lugar por efecto de un enfriamiento instantáneo, actividad bacteriogénica y deposición de partículas en una cuenca de características inusuales, restringida, somera y anóxica con poca entrada de material detrítico, con una importante actividad hidrotermal relacionada con una fracturación extensional sinsedimentaria. La resedimentación de los sulfuros es importante y da lugar a la mezcla de las facies proximales y distales. La deformación tectónica es muy heterogénea y está fundamentalmente canalizada a lo largo de las bandas de deformación dominadas por las filonitas. Por lo tanto, las texturas sedimentarias y diagenéticas están bien preservadas fuera de estas bandas de deformación. En los sulfuros masivos, la recristalización varisca es poco importante y sólo algunas de estas texturas tempranas han sido reemplazadas por otras de tipo tectónico o metamórfico. El stockwork está más deformado que los sulfuros masivos. La deformación ha tenido un efecto crítico sobre la morfología actual de la masa y la distribución de los minerales metálicos. Este depósito es un ejemplo típico de sulfuros masivos ricos en Zn laminares, anóxicos, de baja temperatura, encajados en pizarras y formados en cuencas extensionales ensiálicas.
Starting Page	150
Ending Page	169
Page Count	20
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00264598
Journal	Mineralium Deposita
Volume Number	33
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14321866
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	1997-12-02
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geophysics Economic Geology Geochemistry and Petrology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Geology and genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulphide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

Lead isotope systematics of the giant massive sulphide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Antithetic behaviour of gold in the volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

The volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt Review and preface to the Thematic Issue : Review and preface to the Thematic Issue

PGE distribution in massive sulfide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Source and evolution of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids in the northern Iberian Pyrite Belt massive sulphide deposits (SW Spain): evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes

Geology and geophysics as successful tools in the discovery of the Lagoa Salgada Orebody (Sado Tertiary Basin – Iberian Pyrite Belt), Grândola, Portugal

Facies analyses and volcanic setting of the giant Neves Corvo massive sulfide deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Age and sources of the ore at Tharsis and Rio Tinto, Iberian Pyrite Belt, from Re-Os isotopes

The Filon Norte orebody (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt): a proximal low-temperature shale-hosted massive sulphide in a thin-skinned tectonic belt

Similar Documents

Geology and genesis of the Aznalcóllar massive sulphide deposits, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

Lead isotope systematics of the giant massive sulphide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Antithetic behaviour of gold in the volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

The volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt Review and preface to the Thematic Issue : Review and preface to the Thematic Issue

PGE distribution in massive sulfide deposits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Source and evolution of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids in the northern Iberian Pyrite Belt massive sulphide deposits (SW Spain): evidence from fluid inclusions and stable isotopes

Geology and geophysics as successful tools in the discovery of the Lagoa Salgada Orebody (Sado Tertiary Basin – Iberian Pyrite Belt), Grândola, Portugal

Facies analyses and volcanic setting of the giant Neves Corvo massive sulfide deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Age and sources of the ore at Tharsis and Rio Tinto, Iberian Pyrite Belt, from Re-Os isotopes

The Filon Norte orebody (Tharsis, Iberian Pyrite Belt): a proximal low-temperature shale-hosted massive sulphide in a thin-skinned tectonic belt