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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Hu, Hwai Tsu Hsu, Ling Yuan |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | This paper reports two schemes aimed at enhancing the performance of an algorithm based on rational dither modulation (RDM) for the blind watermarking of audio signals. The enhanced algorithm operates in a 4th-level approximation subband, which is obtained through discrete wavelet transform (DWT) decomposition. The first scheme involves the application of a two-tap FIR lowpass filter to mask the noise induced by watermarking, while the second scheme is meant to compensate for distortion introduced by vector modulation. These two schemes make it possible for the DWT-RDM algorithm to formulate audio watermarking with a payload capacity of 689 bits per second. The embedding process is organized as parametric vector operations, which allow the implantation of binary bits into DWT coefficient vectors using two variables, respectively, corresponding to lowpass filtering and distortion compensation. Experiments aimed at evaluating the quality of the resulting audio files indicated an improvement in average ODG score from $$-0.33$$ to $$-0.26$$ . Furthermore, we observed a noticeable reduction in the bit error rates when conducting robustness tests against attacks, such as brumm addition, zero crossing, noise corruption, echo addition, MPEG-1 layer 3 compression, and time shifting. |
| Starting Page | 1890 |
| Ending Page | 1911 |
| Page Count | 22 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 0278081X |
| Journal | Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing |
| Volume Number | 36 |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| e-ISSN | 15315878 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer US |
| Publisher Date | 2016-08-17 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Blind audio watermarking Discrete wavelet transform—rational dither modulation Lowpass filtering Distortion compensation Auditory masking Circuits and Systems Electrical Engineering Signal,Image and Speech Processing Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Applied Mathematics Signal Processing |
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