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Immune deficiency causes annual late summer brown trout (Salmo trutta) mortality in Austrian prealpine river systems

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Immune deficiency causes annual late summer brown trout (Salmo trutta) mortality in Austrian prealpine river systems

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lahnsteiner, Franz Haunschmid, Reinhard Mansour, Nabil
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	For several years, severe brown trout (Salmo trutta) mortality has been observed in different prealpine river systems of Austria, Southern Germany, and Switzerland during late summer and early autumn. Often, the skin of the effected fish shows a medium to intense black pigmentation, and therefore this phenomenon is called “Schwarze Bachforelle Phänomen” or “proliferative darkening syndrom”. The present study was conducted to gain insight about its presence. From middle of May to end of August, brown trout and rainbow trout were kept in experimental tanks supplied with water from an effected river system. In brown trout, samples for blood diagnostics and histological investigations were taken after 0, 47, 62, and 77 days, and in rainbow trout after 0 and 107 days. Brown trout from a wild population were investigated for comparative purposes. Brown trout showed no abnormalities till the end of June. All fish sampled in the second half of July suffered from severe immune deficiency as the numbers of peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes, plasma lysozyme activity, and plasma immunoglobulin levels significantly decreased. During August, the number of erythrocytes decreased and the osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes increased. Senescent erythrocytes became more frequent and the hematopoietic tissue of spleen and kidney enlarged. Also, the cellular composition of the spleen changed as the number of hemoblasts and normal erythroblasts decreased while the number of atypical erythroblasts increased. In the pronephros and hematopoietic tissue of the mesonephros, aggregation of macrophages and tissue disintegration was frequently observed. This was similar for brown trout from the field experiment and from the wild population. High mortality occurred in the end of July and during August. Death of the fishes might have been caused by secondary infections with microorganisms. Almost similar changes were observed in rainbow trout, however, the mortality was lower.
Starting Page	463
Ending Page	472
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10151621
Journal	Aquatic Sciences
Volume Number	71
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14209055
Language	English
Publisher	SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Publisher Date	2009-07-24
Publisher Place	Basel
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Brown trout Rainbow trout Mortality Immunity Lymphocytes Granulocytes Immunoglobulin Lysozyme Life Sciences Ecology Oceanography Marine & Freshwater Sciences Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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Immune deficiency causes annual late summer brown trout (Salmo trutta) mortality in Austrian prealpine river systems

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Immune deficiency causes annual late summer brown trout (Salmo trutta) mortality in Austrian prealpine river systems