NDLI: The role of winter phenology in shaping the ecology of freshwater fish and their sensitivities to climate change

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The role of winter phenology in shaping the ecology of freshwater fish and their sensitivities to climate change

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Shuter, B. J. Finstad, A. G. Helland, I. P. Zweimüller, I. Hölker, F.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Thermal preference and performance provide the physiological frame within which fish species seek strategies to cope with the challenges raised by the low temperatures and low levels of oxygen and food that characterize winter. There are two common coping strategies: active utilization of winter conditions or simple toleration of winter conditions. The former is typical of winter specialist species with low preferred temperatures, and the latter is typical of species with higher preferred temperatures. Reproductive strategies are embodied in the phenology of spawning: the approach of winter conditions cues reproductive activity in many coldwater fish species, while the departure of winter conditions cues reproduction in many cool and warmwater fish species. This cuing system promotes temporal partitioning of the food resources available to young-of-year fish and thus supports high diversity in freshwater fish communities. If the zoogeographic distribution of a species covers a broad range of winter conditions, local populations may exhibit differences in their winter survival strategies that reflect adaptation to local conditions. Extreme winter specialists are found in shallow eutrophic lakes where long periods of ice cover cause winter oxygen levels to drop to levels that are lethal to many fish. The fish communities of these lakes are simple and composed of species that exhibit specialized adaptations for extended tolerance of very low temperatures and oxygen levels. Zoogeographic boundaries for some species may be positioned at points on the landscape where the severity of winter overwhelms the species’ repertoire of winter survival strategies. Freshwater fish communities are vulnerable to many of the shifts in environmental conditions expected with climate change. Temperate and northern communities are particularly vulnerable since the repertoires of physiological and behavioural strategies that characterize many of their members have been shaped by the adverse environmental conditions (e.g. cool short summers, long cold winters) that climate change is expected to mitigate. The responses of these strategies to the rapid relaxation of the adversities that shaped them will play a significant role in the overall responses of these fish populations and their communities to climate change.
Starting Page	637
Ending Page	657
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10151621
Journal	Aquatic Sciences
Volume Number	74
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	14209055
Language	English
Publisher	SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Publisher Date	2012-08-23
Publisher Place	Basel
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Thermal performance Bioenergetics Survival strategies Zoogeographic boundaries Climate change Winter kill Life Sciences Marine & Freshwater Sciences Ecology Oceanography Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Aquatic Science Water Science and Technology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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