NDLI: Review of the Physical Basis of Laboratory-derived Relations for Brittle Failure and their Implications for Earthquake Occurrence and Earthquake Nucleation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Beeler, N. M.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	— A laboratory-derived crack growth-based constitutive relation for brittle faulting is developed. The relation consists of two rheologic components, a nonlinear Arrhenius dependence of strain rate on temperature and stress, corresponding to subcritical crack growth, and a linear slip-weakening behavior associated with dilatancy, crack coalescence and supercritical crack growth. The implications of this general behavior for the onset of rapid slip- (earthquake nucleation) are considered. Laboratory observations of static fatigue and time- dependent failure from rock fracture and rock friction experiments are consistent with this simple constitutive description, as are the predictions of rate- and state- dependent equations for the onset of rapid frictional slip between bare rock surfaces. I argue that crack growth is the physical process that controls time-dependent rock fracture and the time-dependent onset of unstable frictional sliding. Some similar and related arguments made in the past 1/2 century in the fields of rock mechanics and earthquake seismology are reviewed. For stressing rates appropriate for the San Andreas fault system, the simple constitutive relation with lab-derived constants predicts a minimum time for nucleation of 1 yr. General predictions are a minimum nucleation patch radius of 0.06 to 0.2 m, and a minimum earthquake moment of 8.5 × 107 Nm.
Starting Page	1853
Ending Page	1876
Page Count	24
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00334553
Journal	Pure and applied geophysics
Volume Number	161
Issue Number	9
e-ISSN	14209136
Language	English
Publisher	Birkhäuser-Verlag
Publisher Date	2004-01-01
Publisher Place	Basel
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Earthquake nucleation static fatique delayed failure rate- and state-dependent friction
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geochemistry and Petrology Geophysics

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