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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Hardeland, R. |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | In its role as a pineal hormone, melatonin is a pleiotropic, nocturnally peaking and systemically acting chronobiotic. These effects are largely explained by actions via G protein-coupled membrane receptors found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but also in numerous other sites. Nuclear (ROR/RZR), cytoplasmic (quinone reductase-2, calmodulin, calreticulin) and mitochondrial binding sites and radical-scavenging properties contribute to the actions of melatonin. Regulation of pineal melatonin biosynthesis is largely explained by control mechanisms acting on arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, at the levels of gene expression and/or enzyme stability influenced by phosphorylation and interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Melatonin is not only a hormone but is also synthesized in numerous extrapineal sites, in which it sometimes attains much higher quantities than in the pineal and the circulation. It is also present in many taxonomically distant groups of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plants. Moreover, melatonin is a source of bioactive metabolites, such as 5-methoxytryptamine, N 1-acetyl-N 2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine and N 1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine. |
| Starting Page | 2001 |
| Ending Page | 2018 |
| Page Count | 18 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 1420682X |
| Journal | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |
| Volume Number | 65 |
| Issue Number | 13 |
| e-ISSN | 14209071 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel |
| Publisher Date | 2008-03-17 |
| Publisher Place | Basel |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | AFMK AMK cinnoline indoleamine melatonin-binding site 5-methoxytryptamine nitric oxide pineal gland Biochemistry Life Sciences Biomedicine general Cell Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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