NDLI: Nucleoside modifications in the regulation of gene expression: focus on tRNA

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Duechler, Markus Leszczyńska, Grażyna Sochacka, Elzbieta Nawrot, Barbara
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Both, DNA and RNA nucleoside modifications contribute to the complex multi-level regulation of gene expression. Modified bases in tRNAs modulate protein translation rates in a highly dynamic manner. Synonymous codons, which differ by the third nucleoside in the triplet but code for the same amino acid, may be utilized at different rates according to codon–anticodon affinity. Nucleoside modifications in the tRNA anticodon loop can favor the interaction with selected codons by stabilizing specific base pairs. Similarly, weakening of base pairing can discriminate against binding to near-cognate codons. mRNAs enriched in favored codons are translated in higher rates constituting a fine-tuning mechanism for protein synthesis. This so-called codon bias establishes a basic protein level, but sometimes it is necessary to further adjust the production rate of a particular protein to actual requirements, brought by, e.g., stages in circadian rhythms, cell cycle progression or exposure to stress. Such an adjustment is realized by the dynamic change of tRNA modifications resulting in the preferential translation of mRNAs coding for example for stress proteins to facilitate cell survival. Furthermore, tRNAs contribute in an entirely different way to another, less specific stress response consisting in modification-dependent tRNA cleavage that contributes to the general down-regulation of protein synthesis. In this review, we summarize control functions of nucleoside modifications in gene regulation with a focus on recent findings on protein synthesis control by tRNA base modifications.
Starting Page	3075
Ending Page	3095
Page Count	21
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1420682X
Journal	Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Volume Number	73
Issue Number	16
e-ISSN	14209071
Language	English
Publisher	Springer International Publishing
Publisher Date	2016-04-19
Publisher Place	Cham
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Regulation of gene expression Modified nucleosides Stress signaling tRNA Translation rate Cell Biology Biomedicine general Life Sciences Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

TRNA structural and functional changes induced by oxidative stress

Gene expression in spermiogenesis

Synonymous codons, ribosome speed, and eukaryotic gene expression regulation

Regulation of Fas gene expression in HeLa cells as determined by modified RT-PCR

Social environmental effects on gene regulation

Cyanobacterial psbA gene family: optimization of oxygenic photosynthesis

A structural view of translation initiation in bacteria

Regulation of histone gene transcription in yeast

RNA sequencing: from tag-based profiling to resolving complete transcript structure

Nucleoside modifications in the regulation of gene expression: focus on tRNA

Similar Documents

TRNA structural and functional changes induced by oxidative stress

Gene expression in spermiogenesis

Synonymous codons, ribosome speed, and eukaryotic gene expression regulation

Regulation of Fas gene expression in HeLa cells as determined by modified RT-PCR

Social environmental effects on gene regulation

Cyanobacterial psbA gene family: optimization of oxygenic photosynthesis

A structural view of translation initiation in bacteria

Regulation of histone gene transcription in yeast

RNA sequencing: from tag-based profiling to resolving complete transcript structure

Nucleoside modifications in the regulation of gene expression: focus on tRNA