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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Wesch, Daniela Peters, Christian Oberg, Hans Heinrich Pietschmann, Kathrin Kabelitz, Dieter |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern-recognition receptors that recognize a broad variety of structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. The recognition of TLR ligands functions as a primary sensor of the innate immune system, leading to subsequent indirect activation of the adaptive immunity as well as none-immune cells. However, TLR are also expressed by several T cell subsets, and the respective ligands can directly modulate their effector functions. The present review summarizes the recent findings of γδ T cell modulation by TLR ligands. TLR1/2/6, 3, and 5 ligands can act directly in combination with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation to enhance cytokine/chemokine production of freshly isolated human γδ T cells. In contrast to human γδ T cells, murine and bovine γδ T cells can directly respond to TLR2 ligands with increased proliferation and cytokine production in a TCR-independent manner. Indirect stimulatory effects on IFN-γ production of human and murine γδ T cells via TLR-ligand activated dendritic cells have been described for TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 ligands. In addition, TLR3 and 7 ligands indirectly increase tumor cell lysis by human γδ T cells, whereas ligation of TLR8 abolishes the suppressive activity of human tumor-infiltrating Vδ1 γδ T cells on αβ T cells and dendritic cells. Taken together, these data suggest that TLR-mediated signals received by γδ T cells enhance the initiation of adaptive immune responses during bacterial and viral infection directly or indirectly. Moreover, TLR ligands enhance cytotoxic tumor responses of γδ T cells and regulate the suppressive capacity of γδ T cells. |
| Starting Page | 2357 |
| Ending Page | 2370 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 1420682X |
| Journal | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |
| Volume Number | 68 |
| Issue Number | 14 |
| e-ISSN | 14209071 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel |
| Publisher Date | 2011-05-11 |
| Publisher Place | Basel |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | γδ T cells TLR1-10 Cytokines Chemokines Life Sciences Biochemistry Biomedicine general Cell Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Molecular Biology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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