Colonic Transit Time Is a Driven Force of the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism: In Vitro Evidence

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Tottey, William Feria-Gervasio, David Gaci, Nadia Laillet, Brigitte Pujos, Estelle Martin, Jean-François Sébédio, J. L. Sion, Benoit Jarrige, J. J. Alric, Monique Brugère, Jean-François
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Background/Aims Human gut microbiota harbors numerous metabolic properties essential for the host's health. Increased intestinal transit time affects a part of the population and is notably observed with human aging, which also corresponds to modifications of the gut microbiota. Thus we tested the metabolic and compositional changes of a human gut microbiota induced by an increased transit time simulated in vitro. Methods The in vitro system, Environmental Control System for Intestinal Microbiota, was used to simulate the environmental conditions of 3 different anatomical parts of the human colon in a continuous process. The retention times of the chemostat conditions were established to correspond to a typical transit time of 48 hours next increased to 96 hours. The bacterial communities, short chain fatty acids and metabolite fingerprints were determined. Results Increase of transit time resulted in a decrease of biomass and of diversity in the more distal compartments. Short chain fatty acid analyses and metabolite fingerprinting revealed increased activity corresponding to carbohydrate fermentation in the proximal compartments while protein fermentations were increased in the lower parts. Conclusions This study provides the evidence that the increase of transit time, independently of other factors, affects the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. The transit time is one of the factors that explain some of the modifications seen in the gut microbiota of the elderly, as well as patients with slow transit time.
Starting Page	124
Ending Page	134
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
PubMed reference number	27530163
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm16042
DOI	10.5056/jnm16042
Journal	Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Aging Anatomical compartments Biomass Carbohydrates Fatty Acids Fatty Acids, Volatile Fermentation Gastrointestinal Microbiome Intestinal Microbiome Metabolic Process, Cellular Microbiota (environment) Microbiota (plant) Patients fermentative hydrogen production negative regulation of gut granule assembly
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article