NDLI: Volcanic eruption plumes : satellite remote sensing observations and laboratory experiments

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Volcanic eruption plumes : satellite remote sensing observations and laboratory experiments

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Holasek, Rick
Copyright Year	1995
Abstract	The thermal and mechanical properties of eruption plumes from explosive volcanism can be characterized in a unique way from data obtained by Earth-observing satellites. This study demonstrates the use of high temporal resolution geostationary and high spatial and spectral resolution polar orbiting weather satellites in providing details of the timing, dynamics, and changing character of eruption plumes from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the June 1991 eruptions of Pinatubo. Remote sensing allowed determination of maximum plume altitudes and plume top undercooling at Mount St. Helens (31 ±1 km and 15°C, respectively) and at Pinatubo (40 ±1 km and 55°C), the greatest values ever recorded with modem instruments. For Mount St. Helens, plume behavior downwind can be monitored by the thermal signature of the plume top and is predicted by a simple model. Because eruption column altitudes are a function of thermal energy flux at the vent, eruption rates, and therefore erupted volumes of tephra, can be calculated to be -0.2 km dense rock equivalent (DRE) for Mount St. Helens and -6.1 krrr' DRE for Pinatubo. Both thermal IR and visible data allow the remote recognition of plumes caused by Plinian versus co-ignimbrite eruptive styles ofactivity. Measurements from satellite-based data indicate that the initial umbrella plumes spread as radially symmetric, high-velocity, gravitationally driven currents before becoming advected in the prevailing winds. AVHR.R multi-spectral thermal IR data were used to improve the discrimination ofvolcanic plumes from meteorological (water vapor) clouds at Pinatubo using a thermal differencing algorithm based on T4 (10.8 urn) Is (11.9 urn). The algorithm was successful in
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/9866/1/uhm_phd_9604156_r.pdf
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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