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Effets et arrières effets des pratiques culturales sur le ruissellement, l'érosion et la production d'une rotation intensive (coton-maïs) sur un sol sableux des savanes humides du Nord-Cameroun
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Baboulé, Z. Boli Roose, E. J. Zahonero, Pascal Aziem, B. Bep Sanon, Karidia Waechter, Felix Wahoung, A. |
| Copyright Year | 1998 |
| Abstract | In the savanah of Northern Cameroon, intensive cropping of cottodmaïze rotation involved in sandy soil degradation in between15 years. But shiRing cultivation is no more acceptable because of recent permanent village structures (concrete houses, roads, boring wells, etc.) and the limitation of ground area suitable for cultivating. Researches have been made to estimate erosion hazard, factors of soil degradation and restoration and to select cultural practices allowing intensive and sustainable production, without degrading rural environment. During 4 years, conventional tillage gave best yields, but water and soil losses (chiefly OM., clay and loam in suspension) where so important that they explained quick soil degradation. Reduced tillage to plantation lines under light litter reduced water and soil losses down to these of savanna. But during high rainy years, corn yield decreased 20 to 40 % : to compensate increasing nutrients leaching, 20 kg/ha of nitrogen must be added aRer heavy rainy weeks. Scouring 50 mm of topsoil involved in 30% reduction of maïze production. But after 4 years of cropping on runoff plots, it has been observed that a difference of 4 mm of sheet erosion involved in a 40% reduction of maïze yield. Selective sheet erosion seems to degrade 12 times faster these sandy soils than scouring erosion like rills or gullies. Tropical soils restoration of primitive soils caracteristics is very difEcult because the low storage capacity of kaolinite clay, the high speed of organic matter mineralization and high losses by erosion and leaching : after 5 years , analitical caracteristics of the topsoil have not been improved. But within 3 years, high level of production have been atteint on degraded sandy soils ( 5t/ha of maïze and 2 tlha of cotton grain) thanks to initial deep plowing, organic matter management (3 t/ha of goat dry dung, 2 years leguminous fallow, or 5 t/ha of residues litter), mineral fertiliser supplement and well covering the topsoil. |
| Starting Page | 246 |
| Ending Page | 259 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/bre/010017976.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
