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Non-Invasive Microelectrode Ion Flux Measurements In Plant Stress Physiology
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Shabala, Sergey |
| Copyright Year | 2006 |
| Abstract | Plant membranes underlie many essential cell biological processes including nutrient acquisition and compartmentation, pH and ionic homeostasis, turgor generation, metabolite distribution and waste excretion, energy transduction and signaling. According to Ward (2001), 43% of over 25,000 protein sequences in the Arabidopsis genome have at least one transmembrane spanning (TMS) domain, with 18% proteins having ≥ 2 TMS domains and thus associated with cellular membranes. Recent progress in electrophysiology and molecular genetics has revealed the crucial role of plasma membrane transporters in perception and signaling in response to virtually every known environmental factor (Zimmermann et al. 1999). Changes in plasma membrane potential or modulation of ion flux are amongst the earliest cellular events in response to light, temperature, osmotic stress, salinity, hormonal stimuli, elicitors and mechanical stimulation in many organisms (Blumwald et al. 1998; Sanders et al. 1999; Zimmermann et al. 1999; Spalding 2000; Knight and Knight 2001). For many, if not all the stresses mentioned above, the receptors involved were suggested to be located at one of the cellular membranes. In addition to hosting various receptors mediating plant–environment interactions, membrane transporters always act as the ultimate effectors, enabling plant adaptive responses. In the case of salt tolerance, this may be by excluding toxic Na+ from the cytosol via either the SOS1 plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (Zhu 2003) or by compartmentalizing it into the vacuole by the NHX tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter (Apse et al. 1999). In the case of Al3+ toxicity, the adaptive response includes activation of anion channels responsible for malate efflux and changes in the rhizosphere pH (Ryan et al. 2001). Osmotic adjustment includes rapid increase in the uptake of inorganic ions (Shabala and Lew 2002), while plant adaptive responses to low temperature include dramatic changes in membrane fluidity (Murata and Los 1997). Such a central role of plant membranes and membrane transport processes in plant adaptive responses to environmental conditions makes them important targets for genetic manipulations aimed to improve tolerance to a particular 3 Non-Invasive Microelectrode Ion Flux Measurements In Plant Stress Physiology |
| Starting Page | 35 |
| Ending Page | 71 |
| Page Count | 37 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-540-37843-3_3 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://page-one.springer.com/pdf/preview/10.1007/978-3-540-37843-3_3 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37843-3_3 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
