Nonruminant Nutrition Symposium: Nutrition and Gut Microbiome

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Zhao, Lijuan Daly, Kevin G. Darby, Andrea Hall, N. Proudman, C. Bravo, D. Shirazy-Beechey, S. P.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	Humans are superorganisms whose phenotypes are dictated by 2 integrated genomes, the genetically inherited human genome (23,000 genes) and the environmentally acquired human microbiome (over 1 million genes). The 2 genomes must work in harmonious integration to maintain health. Gut microbiota constitutes the majority of the human microbiome. Bioactive substances (antioxidants, vitamins or various toxins) produced by particular members of gut microbiota may get into bloodstream via enterohepatic circulation or impaired gut barrier to affect host immunity and metabolism. Undigested nutrients from the diet or drugs that arrive in the colon play a dominating role in shaping the structure of the gut microbiome. For example, accumulating evidence supports the new hypothesis that obesity and related metabolic diseases develop because of low-grade, systemic and chronic inflammation provoked by increased antigen load from a diet-disrupted gut microbiota. On the other hand, changes of host health induced by biotic or abiotic perturbations may also disrupt gut microbiota which in return can further deteriorate host health. Due to the tight integration of gut microbiota into human global metabolism, molecular profiling of urine metabolites and gut microbiome can provide an ideal window for reflecting physiological functions of the host. Variations in gut microbiota and urine metabolites can thus be employed as emergent functions for quantitative assessment and monitoring of health at the whole-body level with the advantage of measuring human health based on the results of interactions between the 2 genomes and the environment rather than just host genomic sequences. Large-scale, longitudinal cohort studies in conjunction with these whole-body systems approaches will generate pre-disease biomarkers with predictive power, thus making preventive health management of populations with rapidly changing disease spectrums possible through re-engineering of the imbalanced gut microbiome with specially designed drugs/diets.
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Alternate Webpage(s)	https://www.jtmtg.org/JAM/2011/abstracts/0727.PDF
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article