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Effect of Zinc Substitution on Physical Properties of Polycrystalline Nickel Ferrite Nano Particles
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Kurmude, D. V. Dorik, R. G. Shengule, V. D. Murumkar K. M. Jadhav D. R. |
| Copyright Year | 2012 |
| Abstract | Polycrystalline powders of zinc substituted nickel ferrite nano particles with compositional formula Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 are prepared by sol gel auto combustion method of synthesis. Here, we report the structural and magnetic properties of Ni Zn Fe O ferrite system for x = 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4. Structural 1-x x 2 4 characterization of the prepared samples by X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of nano particles with spinel structure. Lattice constant calculated showed gradual increase with zinc substitution. Average particle size calculated from most intense reflection (311) using Debye-Scherrer's formula was found to be 30 nm. Other parameters such as X-ray density (d ), bulk density (d ), porosity (P), specific surface area (s), hopping lengths (LA x b & LB), tetrahedral and octahedral bond lengths (d & d ), shared and unshared octahedral bond lengths (d & AX BX BXE d ) are also determined. BXEU D. V. Kurmude ISSN:-2249-894X Effect of Zinc Substitution on Physical Properties of Polycrystalline Nickel Ferrite Nano Particles RR 1 2 2 3 2 D. V. Kurmude , R. G. Dorik , V. D. Murumkar K. M. Jadhav D. R. Shengule Milind College of Science, Aurangabad, 2 Vivekanand Arts, Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad, Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad. Vol.1,Issue.IX/June 2012; ROR (2), EXPERIMENTAL Nickel Zinc ferrite samples with compositional formula Ni1-xZnxFe O were synthesized by 2 4 sol gel auto combustion method using AR grade nitrates of Nickel, Zinc and Ferric [7]. Citric acid is used as fuel. Using citric acid as fuel helps the homogenous distribution of the metal ions to get segregated from the solutions [8]. Aqueous solutions of nitrates were prepared in minimum amount of de-ionized water. The citric acid solution prepared separately as per the desired stiochiometry was then gradually added to the nitrate solutions and the mixture is stirred continuously for half an hour to have sol. The pH of the sol was adjusted to 7 by drop wise addition of ammonia to it. In addition to continuous o stirring the sol is now heated at 80 C in order to convert it into viscous brown gel. After formation of gel the stirring is stopped and gel is allowed to burn via auto combustion reaction forming the required loose floppy powder of the end product – the ferrite. As prepared ferrite powder was then first heated at 423 K for 2 hours to remove water contents in it. After natural cooling, the powder is sintered at 873 K for 8 hours in order to get the nano-crystalline ferrite powders. X-ray diffraction study of all NiZn ferrite samples is done using PANALYTICAL X-ray o o o Diffractometer (Model: Xpert PRO MPD) in 2è range from 20 to 80 in step of 0.02 at room temperature. From the X-ray diffraction analysis the various structural parameters such as lattice constant (a), particle size (t), X-ray density (dx), bulk density (db), porosity (P), specific surface area (S) etc. are determined. RESULT AND DISCUSSION X-ray diffraction patterns corresponding to Ni1-xZnxFe O ferrite system for x = 0.0, 0.2 and 2 4 0.4 shown in Figure 1, confirms the formation of single phase cubic spinel structures. All the planes present in XRD pattern were indexed using Bragg's law [9]. Most intense peak (311) is used to calculate particle size using Debye Scherrer's formula given by, t = 0.9ë/â cosè where, ë is wavelength of the X-ray radiation employed; â is FWHM (in radians) and è is Bragg's angle. The broad peak of XRD patterns clearly indicates that particle size is of nano meter dimension [10]. The lattice constant and other parameters are calculated using relation [11], where, (a) is lattice constant; d is inter planar spacing; (hkl) are Miller Indices. X-ray density is calculated using relation, where, M is molecular weight of the composition; NA is Avagadro's number, (a) is lattice constant. Effect of Zinc Substitution on Physical Properties of Polycrystalline........ Review Of Research Vol.1,Issue.IX/June 2012; ROR (3), FIGURE1: X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERNS OF FERRITE SYSTEM NI1ZN FE O FOR X X 2 4 X =0.0, 0.2 AND 0.4. Porosity is determined using, P = (1-d /d ) % b x db is bulk density. Surface area is calculated using, S = 6/(d t) x where, dx is X-ray density and t is particle size. The obtained values of the physical parameters are tabulated in Table1. From Table 1 it is clear that the lattice constant (a) increases with zinc substitution. TABLE: LATTICE CONSTANT (A), X-RAY DENSITY (D ), BULK DENSITY (D ), X B POROSITY (P), PARTICLE SIZE (T) AND SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA (S) OF NI1ZN FE O SPINEL FERRITE SYSTEM. X X 2 4 Variation of lattice constant (a) with Zn content x is shown in Figure 2. The observed linear increasing 2+ behavior of lattice constant with Zn content can be attributed to the large ionic radius of Zn (0.74 Å) as 2+ compared to the ionic radius of Ni (0.69 Å). The variation of the lattice parameter as a function of Zn ions in the Ni1-xZn Fe O matrix follows the Vegard's law. [12-13]. x 2 4 FIGURE 2: VARIATION OF LATTICE CONSTANT (A) OF NI1-XZNXFE2O4 SPINEL FERRITE SYSTEM WITH ZINC CONTENT X. X-ray density, bulk density, porosity and specific surface area values are in agreement with the reported data [14-15]. TABLE: HOPPING LENGTHS (L AND L ), TETRAHEDRAL AND OCTAHEDRAL BOND A B LENGTHS (D AND D ), TETRAHEDRAL EDGE (D ), SHARED AND UNSHARED AX BX AXE OCTAHEDRAL EDGE LENGTHS (D AND D ) OF NI1ZN FE O SPINEL FERRITE BXE BXEU X X 2 4 SYSTEM FOR X = 0.0, 0.2 AND 0.4. Review Of Research x a o A dx gms/cm 3 db gm/cm 3 P % t nm S m 2 /gm 0.0 8.328 5.391 2.062 61.747 41 27.12 0.2 8.356 5.367 2.233 58.404 32 34.76 0.4 8.377 5.357 1.964 63.348 27 41.32 Effect of Zinc Substitution on Physical Properties of Polycrystalline........ Vol.1,Issue.IX/June 2012; ROR (4), Calculated values of hoping lengths (L & L ), tetrahedral and octahedral bond lengths (d & A B AX d ), tetrahedral edge (d ), shared and unshared octahedral bond lengths (d & d ), are given in BX AXE BXE BXEU Table 2 [16]. CONCLUSION Zinc substituted nickel ferrites were synthesized successfully using sol gel auto combustion method of synthesis. Polycrystalline cubic spinel structure of the prepared particle is confirmed by Xray diffraction analysis. The lattice constant of Ni1-xZnxFe O ferrite system is found to increase with 2 4 zinc substitution. Particle size of the Ni-Zn ferrite samples are in nanometer range. REFERENCES [1]A. K. Nikumbh, A V Nagawade, G. S. Gugale, M. G. Chaskar and P. P. Bakare, J. Material Sci. 37, (2002) 637647. [2] K. B. Modi, M. K. Rangolia, M. C. Chhantbar, H. H. Joshi, J. Mater Sci 41, (2006) 7308-7318. [3] Y.Ying, J. M. Kim, Y. P. Lee, J. H. Kang. J.Kor. Phy. Soc., 58(4), (2011) 969-972 [4] Kadam G.B., Shelke S.B., Jadhav K. M., Journal of Electr. Electr. Engg. ISSN: 0976–8106 & E-ISSN: 0976–8114, 1(1) (2010) (03-11). [5] A. Verma and D. C. Dube, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88,(2005) 519. [6] Chandan Upadhyay, H.C.Verma, S Anand. J. Apl. Phy. 95(10), (2002) 5746-5751. [7] S. Deka, P.A. Joy, Mater. Chem. Phys. 100 (2006) 98. [8] Vasantt Naidu, S. K. Ahmed, M. Suganthi, Int. J. Comp. Appl. 24 (2011) 18-22. [9] B. D. Cullity, Ele. of X-ray Diffraction, 3rd Ed., Chapman and Hall, (2000). [10] Santosh Jadhav, Sagar Shirsath, B. G. Toksha , D. R. Shegule and K. M. Jadhav. J. Optoelect. Adv. Mat. 10(10)(2008) 2644-2648. [11] P. P. Hankare, R. P. Patil, U. B. Sankpal, S. D. Jadhav, I. S. Mulla, K. M. Jadhav and B. K. Chougule. J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 321(2009) 3270-3273. [12] Pushpendra Kumar, Pawan Mishra and Sanjay Kumar Sahu. Int. J. Sci. Engi Res. 2(8) 2011 ISSN 22295518. [13]Komr A. P. Bull Acad Sci. USSR Ser Phys. (1954)18:122 [14]Gangatharan Sathishkumar, Chidambaram Venkataraju and Kandasamy Sivakumar. Mat. Scis. Appl. 1(2010) 19-24. [15]S. M. Attia. Egypt. J. Solids. 29(2) (2006) 329-340. [16]R. L. Dhiman, S. P. Taneja,V. R. Reddy. Advs. Cond. Mat. Phys. (2008) 1-7. Review Of Research x LA A LB A dAX A dBX A dAXE A dBXE A dBXEU A 0.0 2.515 2.436 1.890 2.033 3.086 2.803 2.946 0.2 2.522 2.443 1.896 2.040 3.096 2.812 2.956 0.4 2.527 2.448 1.901 2.045 3.104 2.820 2.963 Effect of Zinc Substitution on Physical Properties of Polycrystalline........ |
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