NDLI: Comparing the residence time of deep vs shallow groundwater in the Karoo Basin , South Africa using 3 H , 14 C , 36 Cl and 4 He isotopes

Please wait, while we are loading the content...

Comparing the residence time of deep vs shallow groundwater in the Karoo Basin , South Africa using 3 H , 14 C , 36 Cl and 4 He isotopes

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Swanaa, K. A. Millera, J. A. Talmab, A. S. Darrahc, T. H. Butlerd, M. Fifielde, K.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The Karoo Basin in South Africa is a water-stressed region but little is known about the deep groundwater in the region. Subthermal groundwaters, defined for the Karoo as >25°C, emanate from springs or boreholes but there is no direct access to deep (>1500m) Karoo groundwater. Sub-thermal groundwaters are therefore taken to represent deeper groundwater since there is no heat source in the Karoo other than that generated by burial. Analysis of sub-thermal groundwaters, as a precursor to possible shale-gas development in the Karoo, has produced a complete set of C, H, Cl, He isotope data for a range of different groundwater types and allows comparison of their effectiveness for evaluating the residence time of Karoo groundwater. C activities range from > 94 pmC to as low as 20 pmC, implying a range of apparent ages from modern to >20,000 years. He/He ratios indicate a similar range of ages and in both cases the shallow groundwater is younger whilst the sub-thermal spring waters are generally older. Cl/Cl ratios showed comparable differences between shallow and deep groundwater. Variations in H activities are less clear but shallow groundwaters generally have higher H activities. Deviations from this pattern suggest a range of mixing processes for the different groundwater types. In general, the sub-thermal groundwater showed much longer residence times than shallow groundwater, implying that sub-thermal groundwaters are a reasonable proxy for deep groundwater in the Karoo. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of AIG-11.
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82103821.pdf
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Central Library (ISO-9001:2015 Certified)
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur, West Bengal, India | PIN - 721302

See location in the Map
03222 282435
Mail: support@ndl.gov.in

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in