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Socioeconomic Aspects of Brucellosis in Kuku Dairy Scheme, Khartoum State, Sudan
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Angara, Tamador-Elkhansaa Elnour Ismail, Adil |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | A cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the cost of brucellosis in Kuku dairy scheme. A random sample of 30 cattle holdings was selected for estimating losses due to bovine brucellosis. On the other hand a sample of 176 volunteer was used to determine the losses due to human brucellosis. The result was that the herd infection rate was 90% and individual animal infection rate was 24.9% based on c-ELISA, Accordingly the total losses attributed to bovine brucellosis in the studied sample was US$ 247284.0 was due to milk loss and US$.8 due to infertility. The loss / cow /year accounted to US$ 434.3. For human brucellosis the infection rate was 2.3%. The cost per person was US$ 48.1. Males, the age group 15-30, milkers and those who reside in the farms are more susceptible. Introduction Being considered one of the most important zoonosis, Brucellosis in animals and humans is worldwide distributed (Megid et al., 2010). Bovine brucellosis is usually caused by B. abortus which has seven different biovars (Lucero et al., 2008). Abortion is the main clinical sign in bovine which usually occurs from the 5th to the 8th month of gestation (Nicoletti, 1980). Abortion is usually followed by retention of placental and Metritis, which may cause permanent or transient infertility, alternatively to abortion, premature stillborn or weak calves may occur (Acha & Szyfres, 2003). Losses due to abortion or stillbirths, irregular breeding, loss of milk production and reduced human productivity are economic consequences of bovine brucellosis (Nicoletti, 1982). Economic losses for Argentina were estimated at US$60 million per year or US$1.20 per bovine when the prevalence was around 5%, and in Nigeria losses were estimated at US$575,605 per year or US$ 3.16 per bovine when the prevalence is 7% to 12% (Ajogi et al., 1998). In Sudan losses caused by bovine brucellosis in terms of decreased milk yield was estimated by Dafaalla (1962) at about 50%, late abortion causes a reduction of about 2030%. Humans are infected by B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, and marine mammal Brucella species. The disease is mostly caused by occupational exposure to infected animals or the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products. Brucellosis can be a serious, debilitating and sometimes chronic disease that may affect a variety of organs. (CFSPH, 2007). Clinically human brucellosis is manifested by undulant fever; headache, night sweating, constipation, anorexia, chills and weakness. Malaise,insomnia, arthralgia,sexual impotence. Nervous signs and depression are also common (Megid et al., 2010). Economic losses caused by the disease in humans are a consequence of the cost of hospital treatment, cost of drugs, patient out-of-pocket treatment expenses, and loss of work or income due to illness. In Spain, losses from hospital costs and lost pay were estimated at 787.92 pesetas per patient (Colmenero et al., 1989), while estimated costs per case in New Zealand were NZ$3,181 (Shepherd et al.,1980). Methodology Study area Kuku Dairy Co-operative Scheme is located in Khartoum North, Khartoum State, Sudan. . The Scheme was established in 1963 on the nucleus of small milk producers cooperatives dated from 1953.The Scheme covers an area of about 2600 acres of flat leveled land. The whole project was established by American. The objective of the Scheme was to settle semi-nomadic animal owners and concentrate on the production of pasteurized milk. The target populations Two populations were targeted; the human population included all people working in the study area and the animal population included cattle population raised in the scheme. Method of data collection A sample of 574 cows from 30 holdings was selected based on Robinson (2003). The herd prevalence and the individual animal prevalence brucellosis were determined based on c-ELISA. A questionnaire sheet was used to collect data for each infected holding and each individual infected cow. For human population 176 individuals were sampled based on their willingness to participate in the study. The infection rate was determined by RBPT as screening test and c-Elisa confirmatory test. A master sheet was used to collect data from the infected persons. The estimation of the economic losses (A) Losses to due to bovine brucellosis = Losses due to reduction of milk production + Losses due to infertility Losses due to reduction of milk production: Milk loss of seropositive aborted animals = Number of aborted seropositive animals x average annual milk yield x 20% (Shepherd et al., 1979). Milk loss of seropositive non aborted animals = Number of non aborted seropositive animals x average annual milk yield x 10%. (Shepherd et al., (1979) Cost milk lost: Total quantity of milk lost = Milk loss of seropositive aborted animals +Milk loss of seropositive non aborted animals. Losses due to reduction of milk production = |
| Starting Page | 685 |
| Ending Page | 687 |
| Page Count | 3 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.15373/2249555X/August2014/203 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://www.sustech.edu/staff_publications/20140826091718328.pdf |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.15373/2249555X%2FAugust2014%2F203 |
| Volume Number | 4 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
