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Update on Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Plants 1
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Pitzschke, Andrea Hirt, Heribert |
| Copyright Year | 2006 |
| Abstract | In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated by various processes occurring in different cellular compartments. Under physiological steady-state conditions, ROS are scavenged by different antioxidative components, but the balance between production and scavenging of ROSmay be perturbed by a number of adverse environmental factors, giving rise to rapid increases in intracellular ROS levels. Although high concentrations of ROS can cause irreversible damage and cell death, they can also influence signaling and gene expression, indicating that cells have evolved strategies to utilize ROS to control various biological programs (Apel and Hirt, 2004). Being small and able to diffuse over short distances, ROS are ideally suited to act as signaling molecules. Among different ROS, only hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can cross plant membranes and can therefore directly function in cell-to-cell signaling. Plant cells possess still-unidentified specific ROS sensors that process and translate this information into respective biological output programs. In several systems, various pathways, particularly those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), are modulated by ROS and will be the focus of this review. MAPK cascades minimally consist of a MAPKKKMAPKK-MAPK module that is linked in various ways to upstream receptors and downstream targets (Nakagami et al., 2005). Receptor-mediated activation of a MAPKKK can occur through physical interaction and/or phosphorylation by either the receptor itself, intermediate bridging factors, or interlinking kinases. Activation of MAPK modules generally occurs through sequential phosphorylation of its component kinases culminating in the generation of active MAPKs, which phosphorylate a variety of substrates including transcription factors, other protein kinases, and cytoskeletonassociated proteins. Specificity of MAPK cascades functioning within the same cell and employing identical components is achieved by docking domains found in diverse components of MAPK modules and by scaffold proteins. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://www-urgv.versailles.inra.fr/pub/hirt/prr88_ROS_MAPK_Plant_Phys_2006.pdf |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/plantphysiol/141/2/351.full.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
