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Underestimating the benefits of marine protected areas for the replenishment of fished populations
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Marshall, Dustin J. Gaines, Steven D. Warner, Robert Barneche, Diego R. Bode, Michael |
| Copyright Year | 2019 |
| Abstract | F are an essential source of protein for a substantial proportion of the world’s population. Wild fisheries are under intense pressure and landings of fish catches in global ports have largely flattened despite increasing effort (Kroodsma et al. 2018). Intense debate about the sustainability of wild fisheries continues, but improving their sustainability is a common goal (Pauly et al. 2002; Kroodsma et al. 2018). Increasingly, it seems that fish size plays an important role in replenishing fish populations (Hixon et al. 2014). Larger fish have higher reproductive outputs than smaller fish and can produce offspring of higher quality (Dick et al. 2017). This has prompted calls to consider the role of “big, old, fat, fecund females” (BOFFFs; Hixon et al. 2014) in the management of fisheries, because fishing quickly reduces the relative abundance of BOFFFs. Fishing decreases the average size of fish for two reasons. First, larger fish are more likely to be caught because of minimum size regulations, sizespecific gear, and fisher preferences. Second, simply increasing the mortality rate beyond background levels results in a lower probability of fish surviving to a larger size (Cooper et al. 2013). The loss of the largest fish from a population is almost inevitable, even when fishing mortality is relatively low (Barnett et al. 2017). A wide variety of exploited fish species already exhibit reductions in average mass of up to 25% or more (Kopf et al. 2005; Fenberg and Roy 2008; Genner et al. 2010). Worse still, the increased mortality associated with fishing acts as a powerful selective force on maturation schedules and size (Swain et al. 2007). Intense fishing can induce evolutionary responses in fish to reproduce at a smaller size, an adaptation that increases reproductive success and offsets the increased risk of mortality (Fenberg and Roy 2008; van Wijk et al. 2013; Waples and Audzijonyte 2016). This size evolution negatively affects multiple desirable traits (eg larval viability, foraging behavior), and reduces the yield and replenishment of exploited populations relative to unexploited ones (Walsh et al. 2006). Given these negative consequences, how can managers maintain sustainable fisheries? |
| Starting Page | 407 |
| Ending Page | 413 |
| Page Count | 7 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.1002/fee.2075 |
| Volume Number | 17 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://geometricbiology.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/marshall_et_al-2019-frontiers_in_ecology_and_the_environment.pdf |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2075 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
