Loading...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Similar Documents
Some Physiological Effects of Non-Gaseous Exhaust Material from an Internal Combustion Engine
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Scholl, A. W. |
| Copyright Year | 1966 |
| Abstract | Exhaust materials were collected from a four-cylinder automobile engine that consumed 1 quart of lubricating oil for each 5 gal of gasoline. The oily condensate was separated into three fractions. These fractions contained paraffins, olefins, and cycloparaffins as fraction I, aromatics as fraction II, and non-hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds as fraction III. The solvents produced no noticable effects on test mice after 279 days of testing. Fractions I and II produced ulcerated sores which formed thick scabs. Fraction II also produced a small amount of cancerous cells at the site of application. Fraction III produced thin scabs and was associated with hyperirritability and other evidence of central nervous system changes. This fraction was lethal in doses of 100 mg per week. A search of the literature discloses that little work had been reported prior to 1952 on the analysis of non-gaseous materials exhausted from internal combustion engines. Maillard and Friedrich (1937) found that when gasoline was burned under certain conditions, acetic and formic acids, formaldehyde, acrolein, and phenol could be detected in the products of combustion. Maillard (1937) examined the oily and water layers condensed from automobile-engine exhaust fumes and identified acids, aldehydes, and neutral cracked hydrocarbons, but he did not examine these further. Passano (1942) found that some combustion products of fuel oil and highboiling petroleum fractions were capable of producing carcinogenic tumors in rats. Cook, Hewett, and Hieger (1933), in studying the high incidence of cancer cases among workers of the coal tar industry, discovered that polycyclic aromatic compounds, especially those containing from two to six fused benzene rings, were the principle carcinogenic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analytical grade, petroleum ether, benzene, and methanol from the J. T. Baker Co. were used as the eluting solvents. Methylcholanthrene from Eastman Organic Chemicals, a known carcinogen, was used as a control compound. Chromatographic columns were constructed from 4-ft sections of 45 mm ID Pyrex tubing. Each column was filled with 3 lb of silica gel, 28 to 200 mesh, which had been activated for 5 hr at 150°C. Chromatographic grade silica gel was purchased from the Fisher Scientific Company. A four-cylinder automobile engine was operated on regular gasoline to which S.A.E. 20 paraffin base lubricating oil free of additives was added. The gasolineoil ratio was twenty to one. The exhaust materials were condensed by passing the fumes through coils of 4-inch copper tubing. The condensate was then collected in two 5-liter flasks connected in series and cooled in an ice bath. The condensate was fractionated into three fractions by the chromatographic procedure outlined by Scholl, Bubernak, and Galford (1951). Fraction I, eluted by petroleum ether, contained paraffins, olefins, and cycloparaffins. Fraction II, eluted by benzene, contained aromatic compounds, and fraction III, eluted by methanol, contained non-hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. Each eluted Manuscript received July 1, 1964. The work reported here was supported by a grant from the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund while the author was Head of the Chemistry Department at Marshall University. THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 66(3): 256, May, 1966. No. 3 EFFECTS OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS ON MICE 257 fraction, the eluting solvents, and the original condensate were tested by the skin painting technique. All test animals were 8-week-old male mice. They were housed in standard mouse cages in groups of ten. The average weight per animal for each test group was 23 g. The animals were of the C3H (Jax) strain reared in this laboratory from stock obtained from the Jackson Memorial Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine. The animals were fed ad libitum, Rockland Rat Diet, purchased from the Rockland Farms, New City, New York. Water was supplied from glass bottles attached to the cages. The floor of the cages was covered with wood (Pine strobus) shavings. The cages were cleaned and sterilized twice weekly. A group of ten animals were used as controls. Animals were tested by applying the test material to the bare scapular area daily Monday through Friday. Number three artist's brushes were adjusted by trimming so that 10 mg of material would be deposited by a single brush stroke. Each animal was weighed and examined once weekly. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/5169/V66N03_256.pdf;jsessionid=ED6138DFA812EBDCE6632D224AD324F7?sequence=1 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/5169/V66N03_256.pdf;jsessionid=FDDD753DA930507C378D884D3B68ACD6?sequence=1 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
