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Age at natural menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease.
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Hu, Frank B. Grodstein, Francine N Hennekens, Charles H. Colditz, Graham A. Johnson, Mark Manson, Joann E. Rosner, Bernard Stampfer, Meir Jonathan |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND Early natural menopause has been postulated to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To examine the relation of age at natural menopause with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS Analysis was restricted to 35 616 naturally postmenopausal women who never used estrogen replacement therapy and with no diagnosed cardiovascular disease at baseline, followed up from 1976 to 1994. Information on menopausal status, age at menopause, and other risk factors was obtained in 1976 and updated every 2 years by mailed questionnaires. RESULTS During 354326 person-years of follow-up, we documented 757 incident cases of CHD and 350 incident cases of stroke. After adjusting for age, smoking status, and other cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risks (RRs) across categories of age at natural menopause (<40, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, and > or = 55 years) were 1.53, 1.42, 1.10, 1.00 (reference), and 0.95, respectively; the RR for each 1-year decrease in age at natural menopause was 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.05). Elevated risk with younger age at menopause was observed among current smokers (RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] for each 1-year decrease in age at natural menopause) but not among never smokers (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.04). Age at natural menopause was not significantly associated with ischemic stroke (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.04) or hemorrhagic stroke (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.10). CONCLUSIONS We observed an overall significant association between younger age at menopause and higher risk of CHD among women who experienced natural menopause and never used hormone therapy. This increased risk was observed among current smokers but not among never smokers. The apparent elevated risk of CHD with decreased age at natural menopause among smokers might reflect residual confounding by smoking. |
| Starting Page | 354 |
| Ending Page | 361 |
| Page Count | 8 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://archinte.jamanetwork.com/journals/INTEMED/articlepdf/485038/ioi80590.pdf |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_145019/UQ145019_fulltext.pdf?Expires=1498161388&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=ViwepFanL-0BcDjJa010jkPc-dtc-39v6CFIJPLIN3GsWhs2lBggOLTnIsGaz-gyzM8To5nc9HFXI~x7Wia2XzaEiP0q5YlKrxypyUCPw3K8RS7x1eKgEK~a24QiSNUH1lOaFaW3OkhXoV-gaGs7XAwb9h~3w9IF56cqgVTGT6hsTissBIzX0TQ9UroLM4Hri2OahGLm2E1xukenkkmVGI4YOj8ISuWDudCUDb51PXepuL8OmAfCgHXhZh-hhorIYnxsVeSI4KpHfZcSOioXeWxkaIbI88R-wLj9qagj6JnEma504E9OpYv7xO9sPSGeFhmYdgsjk7Ji0X-8F9IUEg__ |
| PubMed reference number | 10335682v1 |
| Volume Number | 159 |
| Issue Number | 10 |
| Journal | Archives of internal medicine |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Brain hemorrhage Cardiovascular Diseases Categories Cerebral Infarction Cerebrovascular accident Choline Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial Confidence Intervals Coronary heart disease Document completion status - Documented Estrogen Replacement Therapy Estrogens Forty Nine Heart Diseases Mail Menopause Relative Risk Smoke Status Epilepticus |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
