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Bioavailability of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDES) in Biosolids and Spiked Sediment to the Aquatic Worm Lumbriculus variegatus
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Works, Merrimack Scholar Ciparis, Serena |
| Copyright Year | 2018 |
| Abstract | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated aromatic compounds currently used as flame retardants in a variety of polymeric materials. PBDEs are persistent and lipophilic and appear to be ubiquitously distributed in aquatic environments. In the United States, high concentrations of PBDEs have been reported in freshwater fish and also in treated sewage sludge, referred to as biosolids, which is applied to agricultural, public, and reclaimed lands as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. Land-application of biosolids creates the potential for redistribution of PBDEs to surface waters and subsequent association with aquatic sediments. However, little is known about the bioavailability of PBDEs associated with biosolids or sediment to benthic organisms. In this study, freshwater oligochaetes, Lumbriculus variegatus, were exposed to composted biosolids (1600 ng/g total PBDEs) and artificial sediment spiked with commercial pentaand deca-BDE formulations (1300 ng/g total PBDEs). Uptake was studied over a 28-day exposure period and depuration was studied for 21 days after removal from the substrates. The bioaccumulation kinetics were then compared between the two exposure substrates and between eight PBDE congeners. PBDEs were bioavailable to L. variegatus from both spiked artificial sediment and biosolids. However, bioaccumulation was 5-10 times greater in worms exposed to spiked artificial sediment, and patterns of uptake over time were significantly different between the exposure substrates. The differences in accumulation between the two exposure substrates were likely due to differences in substrate characteristics that affect partitioning. This highlights the importance of choosing environmentally realistic test matrices for bioaccumulation assays. Of the eight PBDE congeners studied, BDE 47 and BDE 99 were the most prevalent in oligochaetes at the end of the exposure. BDE 47 was more bioaccumulative, which coincides with patterns observed in wildlife. Depuration of BDE 99 was three times faster than that of BDE 47, which suggests that bioaccumulation is strongly correlated to elimination. Amongst the tetrathrough hexa-brominated congeners, the substitution pattern appeared to have a stronger effect on overall bioaccumulation than the number of bromine substituents. The uptake of BDE 209, the dominant congener in deca-BDE, was very low. This is likely due to its large molecular size and extreme hydrophobicity. Uptake of PBDE congeners from biosolids and sediments provides a pathway for transfer to higher trophic levels, and discrimination of congeners may increase with each trophic transfer. BIO AVAILABILITY OF POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS (PBDES) IN BIOSOLIDS AND SPIKED SEDIMENT TO THE AQUATIC WORM LUMBRICULUS VARIEGATUS |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2944&context=etd |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
