Chapter 2 Ion Transport and Focal Properties of an Ellipsoidal Electrode Operated at Atmospheric Pressure

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Most frequently, ions are transported from ambient pressure and manipulated under low pressure conditions. While a vacuum environment is necessary to make precise measurements of an ion’s mass-to charge ratio, the ability to effectively control ion trajectories and spatially manipulate ions without the use of vacuum systems is of great interest in a number of different fields. Modifications to surfaces made using low energy molecular ion beams [1–9] are of particular note. Such modifications include cases in which the ion/surface interaction occurs at atmospheric pressure [10, 11]. Applications include the chemical functionalization (derivatization) of surfaces [12, 13] and the preparation of thin films [14, 15]. While thin film preparation typically uses exposure to highly controlled yet poorly characterized plasmas [16], polymer film deposition using ion beam conditioning has become increasingly common [17]. Ambient ionization, particularly in the field of analytical mass spectrometry relies on the ionization and subsequent transfer of ions to a vacuum system for analysis. This field focuses on the analysis of samples via mass spectrometry in their native state, with little-to-no sample preparation. A wide variety of ambient ionization methods have been developed and include spray, laser, and plasma techniques which are used to generate representative ions [18, 19]. The growth of interest in gas-phase ion chemistry under ambient environment raises obvious concerns regarding ion transport and focusing at atmospheric pressure. An understanding of factors which contribute to the efficiency by which ions are transported has come both empirically (e.g. the transport over several meters of ions generated by desorption electrospray ionization, and their delivery to a mass analyzer [20]) as well as through fluid dynamics simulations [21]. These simulations have confirmed that once laminar flow is established in a transport tube, modest suction will move typical organic ions long distances through air without significant losses.
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Language	English
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Subject Keyword	3D film Ambient calculus Ambient occlusion Atmospheric Pressure Circa Computer simulation Conditioning (Psychology) Distance Experiment FOCAL (programming language) Hydrodynamics Ion Transport Ion beam Ionization Source Iontophoresis Large MS-DOS Mass Spectrometers (device) Mass Spectrometry Negative-Pressure Ventilators Neurotrophic electrode Physical vapor deposition Plasma Active Polymer Simulation Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Suction drainage
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Resource Type	Article