Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa.

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Vonaesch, Pascale Morien, Evan Andrianonimiadana, Lova Sanke, Hugues Mbecko, Jean-Robert Huus, Kelsey E. Naharimanananirina, Tanteliniaina Gondje, Bolmbaye Privat Nigatoloum, Synthia Nazita Vondo, Sonia Sandrine Kandou, Jepthé Estimé Kaleb Randremanana, Rindra Vatosoa Rakotondrainipiana, Maheninasy Mazel, Florent Djorie, Serge Ghislain Gody, Jean-Chrysostome Finlay, B. Brett Rubbo, Pierre-Alain Parfrey, Laura Wegener Johns, Cathy Sansonetti, Philippe J.
Copyright Year	2018
Abstract	Linear growth delay (stunting) affects roughly 155 million children under the age of 5 years worldwide. Treatment has been limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Stunting is most likely associated with changes in the microbial community of the small intestine, a compartment vital for digestion and nutrient absorption. Efforts to better understand the pathophysiology have been hampered by difficulty of access to small intestinal fluids. Here, we describe the microbial community found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of stunted children aged 2-5 y living in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied 46 duodenal and 57 gastric samples from stunted children, as well as 404 fecal samples from stunted and nonstunted children living in Bangui, Central African Republic, and in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using 16S Illumina Amplicon sequencing and semiquantitative culture methods. The vast majority of the stunted children showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth dominated by bacteria that normally reside in the oropharyngeal cavity. There was an overrepresentation of oral bacteria in fecal samples of stunted children, opening the way for developing noninvasive diagnostic markers. In addition, Escherichia coli/Shigella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were found to be more prevalent in stunted children, while Clostridia, well-known butyrate producers, were reduced. Our data suggest that stunting is associated with a microbiome "decompartmentalization" of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an increased presence of oropharyngeal bacteria from the stomach to the colon, hence challenging the current view of stunting arising solely as a consequence of small intestine overstimulation through recurrent infections by enteric pathogens.
Starting Page	E8489
Ending Page	E8498
Page Count	1
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~parfrey/parfrey_lab/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Vonaesch_stunting_microbiome_PNAS_2018.pdf
PubMed reference number	30126990v1
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806573115
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1806573115
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume Number	115
Issue Number	36
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Anatomical compartments Biopolymer Sequencing Butyrates CNS disorder Campylobacter Dental caries Duodenum Gastric Tissue Gastrointestinal tract structure Growth Disorders Growth delay Infection Microbiome Oropharyngeal disorders Small Intestinal Wall Tissue Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article