Innovation Portable cost-effective EEG data acquisition system

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Agarwal, Nitin Rahman, S. M. K. Sengupta, Amit Santhosh, J. Anand, Sneh
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	(Received 29 October 2010; revised 25 January 2011; accepted 2 February 2011)Neuro-cognitive dysfunctions are common clinical abnormalities found in society. Theyrequire objective analysis by various instruments; an important technique involvesmonitoring electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. To date, EEG machines have beenrobust, costly and require patients to come to a hospital for test. Therefore, we haveconstructed a simple, cheap and portable EEG instrument for wider patient use. Itconsists of two active digital EEG probes with two channels each, making it a four-channel portable acquisition system. It is further connected through a two-wire serial busto the acquisition unit, which comprises an analogue to digital converter (ADC) and anARM board processor with 2 GB memory and USB interface. The whole system is placedin a small box making it highly portable for wider use in clinical settings.Keywords: Cognition; EEG amplifier; Driven right leg; ORCAD design; HPF; LPF1. IntroductionNeuro-cognitive dysfunctions such as depression, stress,frustration, memory loss, degree of interest, excitement,attention and drowsiness have been frequently reported insociety [1–5]. Previously, doctors used questionnaires andfacial expressions to diagnose the patient. These methodsare based on assumptions, making them very inaccurate.Therefore, an objective analysis needs to be performed,which can only be done by monitoring real-time bio-signalselectroencephalogram (EEG). In the past, EEG machineswere robust and costly, and patients had to attend majorhospitals in cities for their EEG to be measured. Thereforean effort was made to reduce the size of the EEG machineso that it could be used more frequently and in a widerrange of clinical circumstances. Portable EEG machinesare currently available in the market; although they solvethe issues related to size to some extent, they are stillexpensive for wider usability in the field. Thus we decidedto make an integrated EEG (figure 1) system with datalogger, that is simple, cheap, portable and convenient forpatient use.2. Method and materialsThe amplitude of the EEG signal is in the order of fewmicrovolts, making it difficult to acquire and measure.Hence an amplifier is required to strengthen the bioelectricpotentials to a desired or recognizable level. Further, dueto the small amplitude, these signals are very susceptible toany background noise, which can be picked up by thehuman body through the ground path or the cables usedfor the recording unit of the electrodes [6]. Thus anintegrated EEG system was designed with a bandwidth of0.16–47 Hz for patient monitoring purposes [7]. Forrecording EEG signals, a four-channel portable acquisitionsystem was developed. The electrodes were connected tothe patient’s scalp. In this way, EEG readings can beacquired when the patient is performing mental tasks. The*Corresponding author. Email: nitinag89@gmail.com
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