Understanding Children with Severe and Multiple Disabilities based on Physiological Knowledge with a Focus on drinking behavior

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Takahashi, Makoto Tanaka, Junichi
Copyright Year	2018
Abstract	Recently, the number of children with severe and multiple disabilities attending special needs schools (MEXT, 2015) has increased. Teachers working at such schools need to attend to the issue of Severe and Multiple disabilities in Japan, and specifically to those students with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties/Disabilities (PMLD), or Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD). PIMD is defined as those who have significant motor, sensory, impairments and they need complex health care needs (Ware, 2004). PMLD is defined as those who have extremely delayed intellectual and social functioning, may have limited ability to engage verbally, require to interpret their communication intent by familiar people and frequently have an associated medical condition which may include neurological problems, and physical or sensory impairments (Bellamy, Croot, Bush, Berry & Smith, 2010). To understand these children some researchers use an index inspired by physiology. Okazawa (2012) reviewed studies of people with profound and multiple disabilities who need intensive medical care, from the perspective of how people around them should understand them. He pointed out that physiological studies have suggested that people with profound and multiple disabilities interact with their environment. And to contribute to their education, physiological indices should be included in an educational approach and planning. Nozaki and Kawasumi (2012) observed the child with profound brain and respiratory disabilities by using bodily movements and heart rate. They suggested that heart rate might be linked to involuntary movements observed in the child’s face or passive movements of one of the child’s hands, researchers and teachers should note in order to make good use of the heart rate index. Moraes and Chau (2012) explored four autonomic nervous system (ANS) signals: electrodermal activity, skin temperature, cardiac patterns and respiratory patterns, for the purposes of communicative interaction with a PIMD student. As the result, ANS signal patterns revealed issues unique to people with PIMD. Cock, Munde, Petrt, Noortgate and Maes (2012) found a lower heart rate when participants were presented with negative stimuli than when they were presented with positive stimuli. Their skin temperature was higher for the expression of low intensity negative emotions compared to the expression of low intensity positive emotions. The results suggested that, as with people without disability, heart rate and skin temperature can give information about the emotions of persons with severe and profound disabilities. Vos, Cock, Petry, Noortgate and Maes (2013) tried to validate the behavioral observations of emotions using respiration and heart rate variability. They formed the hypothesis regarding higher percentage rib cage contribution, that a marginally lower mean inspiratory flow and lower heart rate variability is found when the expressed emotions became more positive. Lima, Silva, Amaral , Magalhães and Sousa (2013) assessed the behavioral and physiological responsiveness of three children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities to a set of sensory stimuli. Responsiveness was assessed in terms of consistent behavioral and electrodermal. The data presented havUnderstanding Children with Severe and Multiple Disabilities based on Physiological Knowledge with a Focus on drinking behavior
Starting Page	101
Ending Page	106
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
Volume Number	33
Alternate Webpage(s)	http://www.naruto-u.ac.jp/repository/file/3970/20180228114036/KK33010.pdf
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article