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Head injuries.
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Dvořák, Jiří Junge, Andreas Mccrory, Paul |
| Copyright Year | 2005 |
| Abstract | I n football, contact to the head during tackling duels or when heading the ball has the potential to cause traumatic brain injury. Alongside specific concerns related to individual incidents causing concussion there is also a wider debate of whether repeated concussive and subconcussive head trauma may lead to chronic brain injury. This issue was first raised in a series of retrospective studies involving retired Scandinavian football players where cognitive deficits were noted. 2 In these studies, significant methodological problems such as the lack of pre-injury data, selection bias, failure to control for acute head injuries, lack of observer blinding, and inadequate control subjects flawed the results. Although the authors concluded that the deficits noted in the former football players were explained by repetitive trauma such as heading the ball, the pattern of deficits is equally consistent with alcoholrelated brain impairment, a confounding variable that was not controlled for. Matser and colleagues from the Netherlands have also implicated both concussive injury and heading as a cause of neuropsychological impairment in both amateur and professional football players. Reanalysis of the data from these papers however suggests that purposeful heading may not be a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Data from Norway using video analysis of head injury incidents demonstrates that the commonest cause of concussive trauma is contact between the upper limb and head during tackling duels rather than head to head contact as may be intuitively suspected. Prospective controlled studies in football have failed to find any evidence of cognitive impairment in the players using clinical examination, neuroimaging, or neuropsychological testing. In part this may be explained by changes in the game such as the move away from the older, leather, water absorbing, and heavier ball to the modern, synthetic, water resistant, and lighter ball. In a recent review of the literature, Rutherford et al concluded: |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/39/suppl_1/i1.full.pdf |
| PubMed reference number | 16046350v1 |
| Volume Number | 39 |
| Journal | British journal of sports medicine |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Brain Concussion Brain Injuries Brain Injury, Chronic Brain Neoplasms Cognition Disorders Concussive injury Craniocerebral Trauma Cumulative Trauma Disorders Head and Neck Neoplasms Neuroimaging Neuropsychological Tests Paper Traumatic Brain Injury |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
