Synaptic contacts between median preoptic neurons and subfornical organ neurons projecting to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Kawano, Hitoshi Masuko, Sadahiko Duan, Ping-Guo
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	s / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244 S163 P2-f48 Synaptic contacts between median preoptic neurons and subfornical organ neurons projecting to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Hitoshi Kawano1, Sadahiko Masuko2, Ping-Guo Duan2 1 Deptartment of Basic Science of Nursing, Saga University, Saga, Japan; 2 Deptartment of Anatomy & Physiology, Saga University, Saga, Japan The subfornical organ (SFO) innervates the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) by at least two routes: directly to the PVN and indirectly relaying at the median preoptic nucleus (POMe). The POMe, in addition to projections to the PVN, projects to the SFO and makes synapses onto its neurons. However, the projection feature of these SFO neurons is not clear. We pursued the possibility that POMe neurons innervate SFO neurons projecting to the PVN, using combined anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques in rats. An anterograde tracer and a retrograde tracer were simultaneously injected in the POMe and PVN, respectively. After injections, anterogradely labeled varicose fibers and retrogradely labeled cell bodies were found frequently in the SFO. Electron microscopy revealed axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses between these neuronal elements labeled. The finding indicates a possible innervation of SFO neurons projecting to the PVN by POMe neurons. P2-g0 1 Glutamatergic pathways from the commissural subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract to the phrenic nucleus in the rat Shigefumi Yokota, Toshiko Tsumori, Tatsuro Oka, Yukihiko Yasui Department of Anatomy & Molecular Neuroscience, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan We have shown that moderate numbers of axon terminals from the commissural subnucleus of the solitary tract (comNST) are distributed in the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) and some of them are in contiguity with dendrites and somata of the KF neurons projecting to the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) and phrenic nucleus (PhN). In this study, we first show the general distribution of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsal tegmental field of the pons and medulla oblongata by using in situ hybridization technique (ISH) for mRNA encoding vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). Then, using retrograde tracing technique combined with ISH for mRNA encoding VGLUT2 or glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), we demonstrate that large numbers of KF-projecting comNST neurons as well as rVRGand PhN-projecting KF neurons express VGLUT2 mRNA but not GAD mRNA. These results suggest that the comNST-KF-PhN and comNST-KF-rVRG pathways are made up of glutamatergic neurons. P2-g0 2 Effects of 8-OH DPAT on firing rates of respiratory neurons in raphe nuclei Masae Hosogai, Satoshi Matsuo Division of Adaptation Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tottori, Yonago, Japan The midline raphe nuclei may be involved in the control of respiration. The present study investigated whether the respiratory neurons in the medullary raphe nuclei are chemosensitive and whether they are serotonergic. The experiments were conducted on decerebrated, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventirated rats. Extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons showing firing patterns related to phrenic nerve discharge in the midline medullary tegmentum. The recorded respiratory neurons were tested for responsiveness to hypercarbic ventilatory challenge, and examined for the effects of i.v. administration of 8-OH DPAT on their discharge rates. We recorded inspiratory (I) throughout and Ifrequency modulated neurons. When end-tidal CO2 concentration was raised, two types of response of raphe respiratory neurons were shown; firing rate increased and no response. Dose of 8-OH DPAT had little effect on firing rates of both types of respiratory neurons. These results suggest that some respiratory neurons in the raphe nuclei are chemosensitive, but not serotonergic. P2-g0 3 Physiological role of sex hormones and biological clock in thermoregulation in rodents Kei Nagashima, Masumi Kano, Yuki Uchida Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan We assessed the roles of estrogen in thermoregulation in female rodents. Ovariectomy was done for female rats, and a telemeter for body temperature measurement was placed. Silicone tubes containing 17-beta estradiol were subcutaneously placed in the half of the rats (E2(+)group). The tubes without estradiol were implanted in the rest of the rats (E2(+)group). Rats were exposed to 5 ◦C cold for 2 h. The brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT) were incised, and the total brain was excised. Total RNA was obtained from the BAT and WAT. Quantitative analysis of UCP1 mRNA was conducted for the BAT, and that of UCP2 mRNA for the BAT and WAT. Brain slices were made for cFos immunohistochemistry, and cFos positive neurons in the hypothalamic were counted. Body temperature decreased in the cold in both groups, however; the reduction was greater in E2(−) group. The number of cFos positive neurons was greater in E2(+) group, and UCP1 mRNA was also larger in E2(+) group. Estrogen may be involved in the cold defence mechanism in female rodents. Research funds: KAKENHI 170523, 17390062 P2-g0 4 Response of cortical cerebral blood flow during stimulating the basal forebrain in cats Harumi Hotta, Sae Uchida, Kanako Shiba Department Auton. Nerv. Syst., Tokyo Metropol. Inst. Gerontol., Tokyo, Japan We have recently showed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) responses due to noxious somatic stimulation of a forelimb in anesthetized cats was quite different from that reported in rats when blood pressure changes were prevented by section of the spinal cord at T1 level. The responses in rats were due, in part, to the activation of the basal forebrain-originating cholinergic vasodilator fibers projecting to the cerebral cortex. Therefore we examined whether stimulation of the basal forebrain produces cortical vasodilation in cats. In anesthetized cats with a transected spinal cord at T1 level, focal electrical stimulation of the unilateral basal forebrain increased rCBF of the ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex that was increased by stimulation of the contralateral forepaw. The response was the largest when the tip of the electrode was located within the area known to contain the basal forebrain neurons projecting to the primary somatosensory cortex. Thus, cortical vasodilation seems to be a general function of the basal forebrain neurons projecting to the cerebral cortex. P2-g0 6 Creative art activities regulate stress Hajime Fukui, Kumiko Toyoshima, Kiyoto Kuda, Sakon Fukumitsu, Munetaka Wakita Department of Education, Nara University of Education, Japan Very few studies have been conducted on the effects of creative art activities. The effects of creative art activity (piano performance, calligraphy, clay molding) on human stress were investigated in this study. Thirty healthy college students (15 male and 15 female) were recruited and 10 students (5 male and 5 female) participated in each 30-min session of one of the following creative activities: (1) playing the piano, (2) molding a piece of art using clay, (3) writing using a brush and ink and remaining silence (control). Cortisol (C) level and State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-I) were measured. Post-session C levels were markedly decreased for calligraphy, clay molding, and music groups, indicating a reduction in stress due to participation in sessions of creative activity. Post-session STAI scores decreased significantly in all groups, indicating a reduction in anxiety induced by engaging in creative activities. No differences in C and STAI results were observed among sessions. The psychological and physiological stress reduction effects of creative activity were demonstrated. Research fund: Tokubetsu Kyouiku Kenkyu Keihi
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DOI	10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.677
Volume Number	58
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Journal	Neuroscience Research
Language	English
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Resource Type	Article