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Top-down versus Bottom-up Approaches toward Move Analysis in ESP
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Lieungnapar, Angvarrah Todd, Richard Watson |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | Genre analysis has become a commonly applied approach to analyzing discourse, especially genre analysis focusing on moves. However, there are two approaches, top-down and bottom-up, which are normally applied in identifying rhetorical moves. Under the top-down approach, the starting point is global purposes of the genre as identified by expert informants. These are then compared against the texts to identify moves. By contrast, under the bottom-up approach, the analysis begins with the identification of surface linguistic features. Then, the salient linguistic features frequently occurring across texts are explored to identify patterns. Based on the patterns found, rhetorical move structures are identified. This paper applies and compares these two approaches to the same data set which is journal descriptions in Applied Linguistics. The findings reveal that most of the moves found by both approaches are similar. However, there are some distinctions in the moves found between these two approaches. Reasons for and implications of these distinctions will be discussed. Introduction During the last two decades, the spread and influence of English has contributed to the rise of an area of investigation called English for Specific Purposes (ESP). A lot of attention has been given to ESP because it is deemed an effective way of teaching English. The overall concern of ESP is to assist students in recognizing and learning the patterns of language required in various academic and professional contexts (Swales, 1990; Bhatia, 1993; Henry and Roseberry, 1996; Dudley and John, 1998). In the field of ESP, genre analysis which focuses on the analysis of regularities of structure that distinguish one type of text from another type has been a widely recognized concept concerning linguistic analysis of language. Since the early 1980s, interest in genrecentered approaches to the analysis of written and spoken discourse has been motivated by the need to provide satisfactory models and descriptions of academic and scientific texts and to enhance the ability of non-native speaker students to understand and to produce them (Holmes, 1997). Most ESP researches have used genre theory as a tool for analyzing and teaching the language required of non-native speakers in academic and professional settings. According to Swales (1990), genre analysis is a means of studying spoken and written discourse for applied ends; it is an analysis of text to derive an indication in a rationale of why genre texts have acquired certain features. Bhatia (1991) defined genre analysis as the analytical framework which reveals not only the utilizable form-function correlations but also contributes significantly to the understanding of the cognitive structuring of information in specific areas of language use. Genre analysis in ESP began with Swales’ pioneering analysis (Swales, 1981, 1990) about research genres in academic settings. His first well-known analysis of structural organization of the genre was done in 1981 when he attempted to offer an alternative model to account for the rhetorical movement in research article introductions. In 1990, Swales modified this analysis of research article introductions and assigned it a three-move structure called the ‘Create a Research Space,’ or CARS model which is shown below: |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://arts.kmutt.ac.th/dral/PDF%20proceedings%20on%20Web/1-10_Top-down_versus_Bottom-up_Approaches_toward_Move_Analysis_in_ESP.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
