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Typologie des chaînes de déplacements et modélisation descriptive des systèmes d'activités des personnes
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Valiquette, François |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | RESUME L’etude des deplacements de la population existe depuis plusieurs annees, mais il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il n’est pas toujours facile de tracer le reel portrait de la mobilite. En effet, les deplacements ne cessent de se complexifier, phenomene cause par l’etalement urbain, l’eparpillement des activites, l’augmentation de la motorisation des personnes âgees et plusieurs autres. A ceci, s’ajoute la diversification des modes de transport engendrant une flexibilite accrue des individus. Les methodes d’analyse, ont elles aussi, evolue dans le temps, tentant toujours d’ameliorer la comprehension de la mobilite de la population. Les modeles d’activites emergent de ces nouvelles methodes. Il s’agit de l’analyse des deplacements basee sur les activites des personnes. Ces modeles permettent d’obtenir des resultats desagreges en utilisant des enquetes sur les deplacements de la population. La region de Montreal possede, depuis 1970, de nombreuses bases de donnees sur les deplacements des personnes. En effet, une enquete telephonique, nommee Enquete Origine-Destination, est effectuee environ tous les cinq ans, permettant de recueillir des informations sur les deplacements de 5% des menages de la grande region de Montreal. A ce jour, plusieurs etudes ont porte sur les deplacements a partir de ces bases de donnees. Toutefois, pour une meilleure comprehension de la mobilite a Montreal, il est important de regarder l’ensemble des deplacements effectues par une personne lors d’une journee. En effet, un deplacement pour une activite a de fortes chances d’avoir une certaine influence sur les deplacements d’une autre activite dans la journee. C’est pourquoi l’analyse des chaines de deplacements devient plus pertinente pour bien comprendre la mobilite de la population. De nombreuses etudes dans differentes regions du monde ont deja traite des chaines de deplacements. D’ailleurs, plusieurs auteurs, tels que McGuckin et Murakami (1995), Goulias et Kitamura (1989), Primerano et al. (2007), ont contribue a definir les chaines de deplacements. Bien que les definitions different quelque peu selon les auteurs, il n’en demeure pas moins que la base est la meme, soit la consolidation d’activites lors des deplacements.----------ABSTRACT Individual travel behaviours has been the focus of multiple studies for several years. Nevertheless, it is still not easy to draw the real picture of citizens’ mobility. Indeed, trips are constantly becoming more complex due to urban sprawl, fragmentation of activity, increasing motorisation of the population, and specific population segments such as the elderly, or any others category of users. In addition, the diversification of transportation alternatives (new modes) is providing increased travel flexibility for most of the population. The analytical methods have also evolved over time as well, trying to improve the understanding of population mobility. Activity-based models are emerging from these new methods. These models allow to obtain disaggregated results using travel surveys of the population. Since 1976, the Greater Montreal Area has been gathering many databases on citizens’ trips. Indeed, a telephone survey, called "Enquete Origine-Destination", is conducted every five years to collect information on the travel behaviours of approximately 5% of the residing population. As of today, several studies have focused on travels from these databases. However, for a better understanding of travel behaviours in Montreal, it is necessary to analyse all trips made by a person during an entire day. In fact, a trip to an activity is likely to influence on a secondary trip to another activity in the same day. Therefore, the analysis of trip chains becomes more significant to understand the behaviour of the population in the end. Many worldwide studies have already addressed trip chains. Moreover, several authors, such as McGuckin and Murakami (1995), Goulias and Kitamura (1989), Primerano et al. (2007), have contributed to define trip chains. Although definitions shortly differ according to authors, the main base remains the same, that is aggregation of activities while traveling. In addition, the authors have overlooked the trip chains based on length, duration, amount of trips, according to some socio-demographic characteristics such as gender and age, households’ size, car’s access and several other criterias. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://publications.polymtl.ca/405/1/2010_FrancoisValiquette.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
