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Surface Deformation and Mass Movements Caused by the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake, Northern Pakistan
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Kausar, Allah Bakhsh Petley, Dave N. Sadiq, Simon |
| Copyright Year | 2010 |
| Abstract | The 2005 Kashmir earthquake with magnitude of Mw 7.6 accompanied fault ruptures over a length of approximately 79 km from immediately north of Balakot to northwest of Bagh with a northeast-side-up vertical separation of up to 7 m. The surface rupture is subdivided into northern, central and southern geometric segments separated by small steps. The location of the hypocenter suggests that the rupture was initiated at a deep portion of the northern-central segment boundary and propagated bilaterally to eventually break all three segments. We tentatively estimated the earthquake recurrence interval and shortening rate on the BalakotBagh fault to be 1000-3000 yr and 1.4-4.1 mm/yr, respectively. This earthquake triggered numerous landslides and slope failures, with most of them being located on the hanging wall of the fault. These include deep-seated failures, shallow, disrupted landslides, rock-falls, and cut-slope failures. Many of these failures are still active and loose fractured material is moving down the steep slopes even under the gravity. The largest landslide occurred close to the town of Hattian Bala, approximately 3 km from the fault trace in a side valley of the Jhelum valley system. Here a pre-existing landslide has been reactivated, the resultant debris avalanche has blocked two valleys to a depth of over 100 m, and two lakes are currently forming on the upstream side of these obstructions. The most notable aspect of the impact of the earthquake is the occurrence of cracking across very large of the slopes within about 5 km of the fault. Monitoring of these cracks during the successive summer monsoons suggests that the cracks did show some displacement as the slopes become wet. Therefore, the presence of these cracks over many hillslopes in the area affected by the earthquake identifies potential areas for future landslides by increasing infiltration and generation of pore water pressures. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://www.interpraevent.at/palm-cms/upload_files/Publikationen/Tagungsbeitraege/2010__323.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
