Peripheral refraction and refractive error in singapore chinese children.

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Sng, Chelvin C. A. Lin, Xiao-Yu Gazzard, Gus Chang, Benjamin Dirani, Mohamed Chia, Audrey Selvaraj, Prabakaran Drobe, Bjorn Saw, Seang-Mei
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	PURPOSE Peripheral hyperopia was hypothesized to stimulate axial elongation. This study describes peripheral refraction and its associations with central refractive error in young Singapore Chinese children. METHODS Two hundred fifty children aged 40 months or older recruited from the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Refractive Error in Young Singapore Children study were included in this analysis. Peripheral refraction was measured after pupil dilation using an infrared autorefractor. A total of five measurements were captured: central visual axis and 15° and 30° eccentricities in the nasal and temporal visual fields. RESULTS The mean age of the participants recruited was 83 ± 36 months. There were 37 children with high and moderate myopia (≤-3 D; 14.8%), 81 with low myopia (-2.99 to -0.5 D; 32.4%), 84 with emmetropia (-0.49 to 1.0 D; 33.6%), and 47 with hyperopia (>1.0 D; 18.8%). Compared with the central axis, children with high and moderate myopia had relative hyperopia at all peripheral eccentricities (P < 0.001), whereas children with low myopia had relative hyperopia only at the temporal and nasal 30° (P < 0.001), but not at the nasal and temporal 15°. Children with emmetropia and hyperopia had peripheral relative myopia at all eccentricities (P < 0.001). A significant correlation between the nasal and temporal refractive error at 30° was noted (Spearson's correlation coefficient = 0.85, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Young myopic Singapore Chinese children had relative hyperopia in the periphery. This study substantiates previous studies in older children and in Caucasian subjects.
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DOI	10.1167/iovs.10-5601
PubMed reference number	20926827
Journal	Medline
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	2
Alternate Webpage(s)	https://watermark.silverchair.com/z7g00211001181.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAecwggHjBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggHUMIIB0AIBADCCAckGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM_O-cYOvNHepuP4TKAgEQgIIBmmr9thejS2YTuzn_TrnSKj0f-e0-KCdiKBxNx8VKfkx2O4CTdeWGEStMhJcSAEjmjYDHBmvin8HitsoKmpgNmgxDC6Q0uV0oTwNPLLzPmmu0Y0nEblndK0Qkv6IUERyTR40pofq9hdIg1NwgkSO_eDbO8BRRmI1DvzNc9EevkpXaH2ULJjntf7Ax-Hw4Xh8b8wRYgCXpksvRvFNHuUNDkNpx1hV6-yp3QsJxnTf-OgRNI4v47crcWfbmbI_OsOhM1xMGk0eA3t0whIb8XKtz1IfLq2JNRWv_ZN4D7oKrEcP6tFRtuSb_ASSSsA_w3KJsobxVdH_M6-OpjItv63HXO99A6UYk3jgfG8rQ3ymTrttRCV13JEThlOuvnYe-A80Sp6KoHrc9dHpRQalGYKVPJxQbL0WDMWhwJnLjoOpSzyVY4o7s4_bE0fhQjdhFWc9b8W6Fv079BiQpwuYDZNJI950jveELFgUOGjm4PZtf3VGCK3Vhdw813jQWqDtzeLDbDDkzjtENLJLyPSo38QqP9Q4C6qpyTcdaZPHM
Alternate Webpage(s)	http://iovs.arvojournals.org/pdfaccess.ashx?url=/data/journals/iovs/932965/z7g00211001181.pdf
Journal	Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article