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Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Benefits of Electrical Stimulation Exercise
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Abstract | This chapter consists of 4 sections. The first section briefly outlines the clinical benefits of NMES induced exercise for people with SCI. While clinical outcomes were not a focus of this thesis, this section has been included to highlight the initial motivation for conducting this study. The second section of this chapter introduces the reader to previously published designs of cycle ergometers for use with SCI individuals. Important features have been identified that must be included in the design of an ergometer for SCI individuals. This section also discusses the methods that have previously been utilised to choose NMES firing angles for cycling. This outlines the initial reasoning for the use of computer simulations to predict suitable firing angles. The focus of this thesis is on the development of computer simulations to predict motor performance. The third section of this chapter gives a brief introduction to the field of forward dynamic modelling, outlines the history of simulation methods used to investigate voluntary cycling performance, and finally reviews the literature of simulation methods that have been applied to the study of muscle performance by individuals with SCI using NMES. The final section of this chapter reviews literature related to the development of muscle models. Each component of a muscle is reviewed within this section to justify the modelling decisions made in Chapter 4. Secondary complications associated with spinal cord injury are a continuing source of health problems after the immediate traumatic effects of the injury system to have been more than $950,000 over the lifetime of a spinally injured person Chapter 2 17 compared with approximately $218,000 in the first year following injury. Some secondary complications arising from spinal cord injury include increased risk of cardiovascular disease The use of NMES to provide leg muscle exercise has been used as therapy for many of these secondary complications to SCI. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the mechanical actions of leg muscle contractions using NMES and not to determine whether these are effective therapies for SCI individuals. The therapeutic benefits of NMES are therefore discussed here only briefly for the purpose of explaining why people with SCI use this type of exercise. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Spinal cord injury often leads to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle that reduces cardiorespiratory fitness and predisposes SCI individuals to a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (Davis, 1993). Upper body exercise utilises only a relatively small muscle … |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2123/512/adt-NU20030207.11501903chapter2.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=8 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/512/8/adt-NU20030207.11501903chapter2.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
