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Effects of Ammonium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, and Urea on Red-Legged Frogs, Pacific Treefrogs, and African Clawed Frogs
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Schuytema, G. S. Nebeker, Alan V. |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | The widespread use of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural areas has been suggested as a contributing factor in the decline of frogs in the United Kingdom (Oldham et al. 1997). Nitrogen fertilizers have been implicated in amphibian deaths in Denmark (Wederkinch 1988) and nitrate levels in pond water have been implicated in the disappearance of several species of amphibians in Poland (Berger 1989). Hecnar (1995) reported toxic effects of ammonium nitrate to tadpoles at levels of nitratenitrogen commonly exceeded in agricultural areas. Little information is available about the effects of urea on amphibians (Ghate 1985) although its effects on other stream life have been evaluated (e.g. Stay et al. 1978). Nitrogen fertilizer use in agricultural landscapes in the United States has increased from less than 0.45 million metric tons to more than 9.98 million metric tons in less than 50 years (Lanyon 1996) and thus should be considered in evaluating amphibian decline. |
| Starting Page | 357 |
| Ending Page | 364 |
| Page Count | 8 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.1007/s001289900988 |
| PubMed reference number | 10475914 |
| Journal | Medline |
| Volume Number | 63 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://page-one.springer.com/pdf/preview/10.1007/s001289900988 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900988 |
| Journal | Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
