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3 D imaging of a reservoir analogue in point bar deposits in the Ferron Sandstone , Utah , using ground-penetrating radar
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Zeng, Xiaoxian McMechan, George A. Bhattacharya, Janok P. V. Carlos L. Aiken Xu, Xueming Hammon, William S. Corbeanu, Rucsandra M. |
| Abstract | Most existing reservoir models are based on 2D outcrop studies; 3D aspects are inferred from correlation between wells, and so are inadequately constrained for reservoir simulations. To overcome these deficiencies, we have initiated a multidimensional characterization of reservoir analogues in the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone in Utah. Detailed sedimentary facies maps of cliff faces define the geometry and distribution of reservoir flow units, barriers and baffles at the outcrop. High-resolution 2D and 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images extend these reservoir characteristics into 3D to allow the development of realistic 3D reservoir models. Models use geometric information from mapping and the GPR data, combined with petrophysical data from surface and cliff-face outcrops, and laboratory analyses of outcrop and core samples. The site of the field work is Corbula Gulch, on the western flank of the San Rafael Swell, in east-central Utah. The outcrop consists of an 8–17 m thick sandstone body which contains various sedimentary structures, such as cross-bedding, inclined stratification and erosional surfaces, which range in scale from less than a metre to hundreds of metres. 3D depth migration of the common-offset GPR data produces data volumes within which the inclined surfaces and erosional surfaces are visible. Correlation between fluid permeability, clay content, instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude of the GPR data provides estimates of the 3D distribution of fluid permeability and clay content. I N T R O D U C T I O N This multidisciplinary project applies ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for 3D characterization of the internal geometry of a clastic reservoir analogue. The site is in the Ferron Sandstone at Corbula Gulch, which is about 16 km south of Emery in east-central Utah (Fig. 1). The site consists of an accessible mesa top with cliff-face exposures on two sides as well as outcrop on the mesa top (Fig. 2a). The outcrop clearly shows a lateral accretion set, channels and cross-bedding, on scales of less than a metre to hundreds of metres (Fig. 3). The acquired data (refer to Fig. 2b) include global-positioning system (GPS) data for the 3D topography and locations of all the other measureE-mail: mcmec@utdallas.edu ments, core plugs from the cliff faces, stratigraphic sections, gamma-ray profiles, lasergun mapping of bounding surfaces, detailed sedimentological mapping, palaeocurrent directions, and drilling of continuous cores to an average of 16 m depth in four holes, as well as acquisition of two 3D GPR volumes and two scales of 2D GPR grids (450 × 650 m and 100 × 150 m). A summary of the results of integration of these geophysical and geological data and the construction of the reservoir analogue is the core of this paper. One key difference between this paper and others that have similar goals (e.g. Szerbiak, McMechan and Corbeanu 2001) is that the procedures here are deterministic rather than statistical wherever possible. This paper concentrates on the surface 2D and 3D GPR data. Other aspects are detailed in other papers: the sedimentology is presented by Corbeanu et al. (2004); C © 2004 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers 151 gpr410 GPR-xml.cls Apr l 14, 2004 11:51 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://www.qsc.uh.edu/pdf/papers/Zeng_2004.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
