Theoretical Basis and Practical Strategy for the Reform of the Governance Structure of Local Colleges and Universities

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Li, Xiaoming Huang, Naizhu Zhong, Jiaming Gao, Shouping
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Local colleges and universities in the process of transition to applied technology University, management system is unsound and the governance of low ability is quite prominent. Local universities transition development need to break through the mode of highly centralized administrative system, developing a multi-governance model of cooperation, interaction and balance between local government, local university, market mechanism and civil society, constructing a multiple governance structure made up of limited government, open market, normative society and autonomous University. Local university governance structure reform needs to push forward steadily according to "policy leading strategy, problem oriented strategy, innovation leading strategy”. Local colleges are general institutes of higher education which funds are directly allocated by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipality directly under the central government, its education aim is to cultivate high-quality applied skilled personnel for the regional economic and social development. The Ministry of education, the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance on the guidance Guiding opinions to guide some local colleges and universities transition to applied colleges emphasize that local colleges and universities should explore and establish “a cooperative education and cooperative governance mechanism which participated by schools, local, industry, enterprises and the community”, actively accelerate the transformation and development of local colleges and universities. As an important part of national governance, Under the background of the transformation of management to governance, Promoting the modernization of management system and management ability in local colleges is not only an urgent and realistic task an it is also an important issue to promote comprehensive education reform. Firstly, Raise of Problem The meaning of the word "governance" is refers to rule, control, guidance and control in both ancient Chinese and ancient Greek language. Since the 1990's, western scholars have given new meaning to "governance" and the meaning is far from the original meaning. In 1995,The UN global governance commission put forward the idea in our global partners research report:” governance is the sum of many ways that public or private individuals and institutions to manage their common affairs, it is a continuous process to coordinate the conflicting or different interests and take joint action, there are four basic characteristics: governance is not a set of rules, also is not an activity, but a process, the basis of the governance is not a control process, but coordination; governance is involved in the public department, also including the private department; governance is not a formal system, but the continuous interaction”. Thus, as a new management concept, management means to readjust the relationship between the country and civil society relationship, government, social organization, market, and individual citizens as the stakeholders are the main governance subject of public services, under the common goal of mutual trust and depend on each other, sharing resources, cooperation, interaction and mutual participate in public policy and provide public services; it means that management is not only characterized by the development of a certain system arrangement, but also show the development process, constantly seeking out a good governance path that can solve management 6th International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0864 predicament and "taking people as the center", solving social problems, the innovation of public service, improve citizens' welfare; It means that the function of the government and its leader behaviors will also change, from the traditional direct orders, rules and regulations, monitoring management way to establish a Shared vision, build strategic vision and development ability, using wisdom or counsel, aggregation and integration of a variety of resources and power, promote cooperation among stakeholders, sharing, coordination and conflict resolution and management quality. Duderstadt pointed out:” university is facing a great challenge, it is not fiscal constraints, also is not the efficiency of students' ability and research institutions, and it is not in the current mechanism transformation. The biggest challenge lies in university's internal and external social and university management measures and management methods of reform”. At present, the local colleges and universities transform to an applied technology universities, the imperfect management system, low management ability is quite prominent, the transformation of local colleges development needs to break through the highly centralized administrative system, construct a multiple governance mode which is cooperate, interact and balanced between local government, local universities, the market mechanism and civil society ,constructing a multiple governance structure between limited government, open markets, standardize society and independent college. Second, the Basic Theory of Local University Governance Structure Reform Local university governance structure reform from ruling to governance "Copernicus type" change its ultimate goal is the pursuit of good governance. The so-called good governance is good governance or effective governance, it is a kind of art between government and other governance department, it is a social management process that can let the public interest maximization. The essence of good governance is the cooperation management that government and citizen govern the public life, it is a new relationship between novel political state and civil society, it is in a good state. Local university governance structure reform to achieve good governance theory is based on market-oriented, participative governance theory, governance theory solution type governance theory. Market-oriented Governance Theory. Governance theory is that the state and society, blurring the responsibility of the boundary between public and private, public affairs management needs the government, social organizations and individuals to work together with the full participation. Market-oriented governance theory point of view is that the private sector management methods almost is inherently superior to the traditional public sector management method of” improving the efficiency of the government organization is the best or even the only way to use some kind of based on market mechanism instead of traditional bureaucracy”. Its theoretical basis is: first, it believe that the market mechanism is the allocation of social resources are the most efficient mechanism, if the government intervention is close to the market model, then the more likely to get the best results. Second, the government officials as "economic man" role is often ignored in the process of the pursuit of self-interest maximization of public affairs, in charge of the market mechanism compared with no one is responsible for the bureaucracy, it has better accountability mechanisms. Third, the market mechanism that the administration cancel government privilege, and open labor market competition to attract more outside object. Market-oriented governance theory demands change the traditional concept of "government is irreplaceable entity", change the monopoly on public services, allow and encourage private organizations to participate in and provide more effective public services. Government as yuan governance role in the face of failure, of course, take "as a different policy proposals of the main organizers dialogue, it has the responsibility to ensure that each subsystem to achieve a certain degree of unity overall organization, as makers of rules and regulations, make the parties to follow and apply the rules and regulations to achieve their purpose, that is to say, in the other subsystem failed as the supreme organ of authority is responsible for the last remedy measures" . In the field of higher education, market-oriented governance theory calls for the government to change the situation of higher education administrative monopoly, advocate introducing market mechanism into development of colleges and universities, in the university governance cost benefit way to consider the investment in higher 6th International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2016) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0865 education, speed up the implementation from the concept of "bureaucratic" to the concept of "responsibility", make the bureaucracy to get a sense of mission and sense of control and at the level of awareness, to improve the management efficiency of the government department in charge of education in colleges and universities, promote the development of higher education. Participative Governance Theory. Participation means involved, public participation in social management is an important symbol of civilization progress. Participatory governance is primarily the disadvantages caused by the diagnosis level restraint, advocate the flat organization structure, in the public decision-making method to ensure the public interest to consultations and negotiations. Participative governance theory is: the basic hypothesis of social policy making process, level control as the main characteristics of bureaucracy in the experts don't have access to all required information, making policy excluding the public to participate in important decision-making, can lead to policy mistakes. Because "both public sector and private sector, not an individual actors can have all the knowledge necessary to solve the problem of comprehensive, dynamic, complexity and information; there are no actors have enough knowledge and ability to apply all effective tool" . Modern university o
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