Chapter One Introduction and Problem the Context Chapter Two the Review of Literature Section 1: the Background Context Section 2: Review of Conceptual and Theoretical Literature

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Abstract	Modern day South Africa is currently engaged in nation building guided by an official public policy document entitled The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). Integral to this program is the role that adult education as well as training and development will play. In that context adult education is conceptualized as a process, program, and movement toward the goal of nation building. This is the context within which this study is taking place. South Africa is located in the southern-most part of the African continent. This country is classified as a developing middle-income economy generally recognized to be of medium size by world standards and enormous by standards set on the continent of Africa. On this continent, according to the 1995 Economic Profile, South Africa has the best and largest developed economy and the country is ranked fifth in terms of income per head behind Libya and Gabon, as well as two Indian Ocean islands. According to the Economic Profile, South Africa is physically well developed, having reliable telecommunication infrastructure, as well as a highly developed finance structure and state-of-the-art retail sector. These factors justify this country's status as a modern and sophisticated economy on the African continent. On the other hand, based on social criteria such as education, life expectancy, and infant mortality rate it is also appropriate to compare South Africa with lower-middle income developing countries (van der Berg, 1994). Millions of black South Africans-the overwhelming majority of the South African population-experience an urban and rural reality of a lower-middle income country. They are constantly faced with problems of underdevelopment, poverty, and rapid population growth. A recent market research survey by the University of South Africa (UNISA) shows this country's population totaling 41.8 million, reflecting 2.1 percent growth for all population groups for one year since 1995 (Lichtenburg, 1996). The UNISA market research survey shows that since 1991 the number of blacks in South Africa has increased 21 times more than the approximately 15 percent of the white population bringing the total of black population to 32 2 million as compared to 5.2 million whites (Lichtenburg, 1996). However, black South African, more than whites, face massive unemployment and pressure of available resources that are not being well used to improve the living standard of this majority (Economic Profile of South Africa, 1995; van der Berg, 1994). South Africa is comprised of four main racial groupings, namely: blacks, whites, coloureds …
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