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Olfactory ensheathing glia for nervous system repair
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Ramón-Cueto, Almudena |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | The re-acquisition of the nervous system's function after damage requires restoration or replication of the original structure and its functionality. When neuronal loss occurs, replacement of the missing cells, their survival and subsequent functional reconnection with proper targets are needed for a perfect repair. This is the case for neurodegenerative disorders; however, in nervous system afflictions where neurons remain alive and functional but axotomized, such as spinal cord injuries, only axonogenesis of pre-existing injured neurons and functional reconnection are required for full repair. Hence, axonal regeneration and further reconnection with appropriate structures seem a final and limiting step for the cure of both, neurodegeneration and axonotmesis. Successful functional axonal regeneration has been the goal of numerous scientists for more than a century. There is no doubt that Ramón y Cajal, the distinguished and inspiring Spanish neurobiologist, laid the foundations for nervous system repair. During the last period of his scientific career (1892–1934), the so called “third period”, he and his disciple Tello made revealing observations concerning the regenerative capabilities of the PNS and the CNS. They were the first to describe the spontaneous ability of peripheral axons to regenerate after axotomy contrasting with the incapability of axons to extendwithin the CNSmilieu. Cajal attributed this different behavior to the distinct environment created around axons in the PNS and CNS by glial cells. Although in both cases axons exhibited a regenerativepotential, the impenetrable barrier createdby theglial scar in the latter resulted in failure. Cajal and Tello envisaged peripheral nerve bridges as agood strategy toflank “theglialwall”because theyconstituted a positive substrate for axonal elongation in the PNS. They found that, indeed, injured CNS axons regenerated through these bridges, but they failed to exit the graft and did not penetrate the “gloomy land” ploughed by CNS glial cells. Ramón y Cajal concluded that CNS injuries were irreparable and the dogmatic pessimismof this legate dominated thefield for decades. At the end of the seventies, Alberto Aguayo and his collaborators dared to go deeper into this poorly tilled scientific land by taking up Cajal's baton with a most optimistic view. This initiative gave birth to a new era for the repair of the nervous system,which has evolved to the current time. Aguayo's positive vision of CNS repair was followed by many others and, since then, we have witnessed an exponential growth of good results in this field of research. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) or olfactory ensheathing glía (OEG) transplantation has emerged as one of the most promising experimental approaches with real translational prospect. The first descriptions of the olfactory bulb |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.011 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001448861100094X |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001448861100094X?dgcid=api_sd_search-api-endpoint |
| PubMed reference number | 21419120 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.011 |
| Journal | Medline |
| Volume Number | 229 |
| Journal | Experimental Neurology |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
