Loading...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Similar Documents
LEVELs OF POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS IN SELECTED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL LEACHATES AND SEDIMENTS FROM GAUTENG
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Olukunle, O. F. Sibiya Okonkwo, Oj Odusanya, O. |
| Copyright Year | 2014 |
| Abstract | INTRODUCTION Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are high production volume (HPV) chemicals 14 that gained wide popularity and usage in the early 1970s because of their efficiency and low costs. PBDEs like other brominated flame retardants have been synthesised and used at very high volumes in consumer and industrial products to protect lives and properties 3, 9 . Three major commercial formulations of PBDEs were produced globally in the last few decades; PentaBDE, OctaBDE and DecaBDE. Because of suspected endocrine disrupting properties of Penta and OctaBDE derivatives they have been recognised as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and now included on the list of the new POPs under the Stockholm Convention. Consequently, they have been implicated in several adverse effects on human health and are continually being detected in biotic and abiotic samples including human milk, serum and tissues 2, 5, 6, 11, 13, 18 . PBDEs are added as additives during manufacturing or applied as coating spray on substrates and are not covalently bonded hence they have the tendency to leach out of the product during use or at the end of life. These materials are most often, disposed into landfill sites with household wastes. For example, in Europe, about 96 % of electrical and electronic waste generated in 2002 was dumped into landfills or incinerated 1 . According to a report by e-waste South Africa, between 1,129,000 and 2,108,000 tons of potential e-waste is estimated to be in South African households many of which will find their way into municipal landfills 8 . Only a handful of studies have so far focused on PBDEs' fate in landfill leachates 12, 18 . Presently, there is paucity of data on the levels of BFRs in landfill sediment which makes it difficult to predict or profile the extent of leakage of BFRs from landfills into surrounding groundwater. So far reports from South Africa, have only concentrated on leachates and not on sediment 10, 17. |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://dioxin20xx.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/2014/1144.pdf |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
