Nursing Process and Its Application in an Intensive Care Unit: Integrative Review Processo De Enfermagem E Sua Aplicação Em Unidade De Terapia Intensiva: Revisão Integrativa Proceso De Enfermería Y Su Aplicación En Una Unidad De Cuidados Intensivos: Revisión Integradora

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Soares, Mirelle Inácio Terra, Fábio De Souza Oliveira, Lucas Eduardo Silva Resck, Zélia Marilda Rodrigues Andréia Esteves, Majella Da Silva Duarte Moura, Caroline De Castro
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Objective: to identify in the Brazilian and international literature the nursing process application at an intensive care unit, as well as the contributions and limitations of its implementation. Method: this is an integrative review conducted through the following research question: How does the nursing process application happen at the intensive care unit? One accessed the databases CINAHL, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, LILACS, and IBECS. Data analysis started from the organization and categorization of the research problem. Results: through the critical analysis of papers two categories were identified: Nursing process and its use at the intensive care unit; and Nursing process and its contributions/limitations at the intensive care unit. Conclusion: in Nursing researches, one noticed the importance of nursing process application at the intensive care unit, since, through this guiding instrument, the nurse becomes able to provide a good quality care. Descriptors: Nursing; Nursing Process; Intensive Care Unit. RESUMO Objetivo: identificar na literatura, brasileira e internacional, a aplicação do processo de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva, bem como as contribuições e limitações de sua implementação. Método: tratase de revisão integrativa realizada a partir da seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como ocorre a aplicação do processo de enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva? Foram consultadas as bases de dados Cinahl, Scopus, MedLine, Lilacs e Ibecs. A análise de dados partiu da ordenação e categorização do problema de pesquisa. Resultados: a partir da análise crítica dos artigos foram identificadas duas categorias: Processo de enfermagem e sua utilização na unidade de terapia intensiva; e Processo de enfermagem e suas contribuições/limitações na unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: nas pesquisas de Enfermagem se percebeu a importância da aplicação do processo de enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva, pois, por meio desse instrumento norteador, o enfermeiro se torna capaz de realizar uma assistência de qualidade. Descritores: Enfermagem; Processo de Enfermagem; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar en la literatura, brasileña e internacional, la aplicación del proceso de enfermería en unidad de cuidados intensivos, así como las contribuciones y las limitaciones de su implementación. Método: esta es una revisión integradora realizada desde la siguiente cuestión de investigación: ¿Cómo ocurre la aplicación del proceso de enfermería en la unidad de cuidados intensivos? Fueron consultadas las bases de datos Cinahl, Scopus, MedLine, Lilacs e Ibecs. El análisis de datos partió de la ordenación y categorización del problema de investigación. Resultados: desde el análisis crítico de los artículos fueron identificadas dos categorías: Proceso de enfermería y su utilización en la unidad de cuidados intensivos; y Proceso de enfermería y sus contribuciones/limitaciones en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: en las investigaciones de Enfermería se dio cuenta de la importancia de la aplicación del proceso de enfermería en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, pues, por medio de ese instrumento orientador, el enfermero se vuelve capaz de realizar una atención de calidad. Descriptores: Enfermería; Proceso de Enfermería; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Nurse. MS student at the Graduate Nursing Program of Universidade Federal de Alfenas (PPGENF/UNIFAL). Alfenas (MG), Brazil. Email: mirelle_soares83@yahoo.com.br; Nurse. PHD Professor in Sciences at the School of Nursing of UNIFAL. Alfenas (MG), Brazil. Email: fabio.terra@unifal-mg.edu.br; Nurse. MS in Health. Supervisor at the Unimed Hospital in Pocos de Caldas. Pocos de Caldas (MG), Brazil. Email: enf.lucas@yahoo.com.br; Nurse. PHD Professor in Nursing at the School of Nursing of UNIFAL. Alfenas (MG), Brazil. Email: zeliar@unifal-mg.edu.br; Nurse. MS in Health. Professor at the School of Nursing of Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano (UNIFENAS). Alfenas (MG), Brazil. Email: andreia.esteves@unifenas.br; Undergraduate student at the School of Nursing of UNIFAL. Alfenas (MG), Brazil. Email: carol_castro_m@hotmail.com INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ARTICLE Soares MI, Terra FS, Oliveira LS et al. Nursing process and its application... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 7(spe):4183-91, May., 2013 4184 ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.4134-32743-1-SM-1.0705esp201311 Nursing experiences the challenge of constructing and organizing the knowledge on which its practice is grounded, i.e. the development of a working process, a methodological and systematic instrument for guiding care, the nursing process (NP). Since it's characterized as a dynamic profession, nursing needs a methodology able to reflect such dynamism. NP is regarded as the work methodology most widely known and accepted in the world, making easier the information exchange between nurses from various institutions. The intensive care unit (ICU) is an environment which generates some factors that can cause occupational risks to nurses and dissatisfaction in the workplace. It has particular characteristics which induce the acquaintanceship between professionals and patients at risk situations, requiring a more dynamic care with strict and inflexible routines. The ICU environment is designed for treatment of patients in critical condition, using specific material resources and specialized human resources which, through a safe and continuous care practice, seek recovery in the health/illness process. It's understood that, in order to have a holistic and individualized nursing care, there's a need for applying a care tool named NP. Thus, to achieve a guarantee on the quality of nursing care in the ICU, there's a need for focusing not only on the qualification of workers, but also the capacity of practitioners to use instruments which can facilitate and contribute to care. Regarding the relevance of this issue, this study aims to contribute to the reflection of the nurse on the application of NP in the ICU, conquering spaces in an attempt to break with the dichotomy between theory and nursing practice and contributing to the organization of the clinical practice; besides, this study indicates the need for developing and implementing NP for a good quality and holistic care for the client, family, and collectivity. In this context, this study aimed to identify in the Brazilian and international literature the nursing process application at the ICU, as well as the contributions and limitations in its implementation. This is an integrative review; this kind of study brings new knowledge which puts into practice data so that nursing is based on evidence. The evidence-based practice (EBP) is a tool which allows the use of research results in health care, reinforcing the importance of research for clinical practice. For this, there's a need for finding the best and the latest scientific evidence, to be implemented in the service, so that it can be performed with quality. In EBP there's a need for producing literature review methods, which allow the search, critical evaluation, and synthesis of the available evidence on the study object under investigation, and among them stand out the systematic review and the integrative literature review. Due to the growing need for ensuring a care practice based on scientific evidence in nursing, the integrative review has been indicated as an essential tool within this area. This method allows synthesizing knowledge on a particular issue and implementing the significant results of the study in the care practice. This is a large study, conducted through a judicious survey in the databases, which allows including the data of theoretical and empirical literature, as well as studies with different methodological approaches, such as qualitative and quantitative, in order to generate a broad understanding on the phenomenon under analysis. This large sample, along with the multiplicity of proposals, must generate a consistent scenario of theories, concepts, or health situations relevant to nursing. Thus, the integrative review must be used as an instrument which generates knowledge on nursing, since the knowledge designed by researches allow the development of a critical thought needed in everyday practice of the nurse and it provides health care with means for improvement and good quality. In face of this, the integrative review method is an approach which allows the inclusion of various methodologies, playing a larger role in evidence-based nursing practice, helping the researcher to summarize theoretical and empirical literature on a specific theme. One proposes stages to be observed when conducting an integrative review. For this study, one established the stages below.  Stage 1 Problem identification The initial phase of any review method is a clear problem identification, which consists in addressing the review's purpose. Subsequently, the variables of interest (concepts, target population, health problem) INTRODUCTION
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