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Human Nutrition and Metabolism A Sodium-Rich Carbonated Mineral Water Reduces Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women 1 , 2
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Schoppen, Stefanie Perez-Granados, Ana Ma Carbajal, Ángeles Oubiña, Pilar Sánchez-Muniz, Francisco José Gómez-Gerique, Juan Antonio Vaquero, M. Pilar |
| Copyright Year | 2004 |
| Abstract | This study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of consuming a sodium-rich carbonated mineral water on lipoprotein metabolism and to determine whether consumption of this water influences endothelial dysfunction (ED) in postmenopausal women. Women included in the study were amenorrheic ( 1 y), healthy, and not obese (BMI 30 kg/m). The subjects did not take estrogen replacement therapy; supplements of vitamins, minerals, and phytoestrogens; or other medications known to affect bone and lipid metabolism. The study consisted of 2 intervention periods of 2 mo each, during which women drank 1 L/d of a control mineral water (low mineral content) for 2 mo followed by the carbonated mineral water, rich in sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride, for 2 mo. Body weight, height, and blood pressure were measured, and BMI was calculated. Blood samples were taken from fasting subjects and serum was analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoprotein AI, apolipoprotein B, soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and glucose. Blood pressure levels did not change throughout the study. Carbonated water intake decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels by 6.8% (P 0.001) and 14.8% (P 0.0001), respectively, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration increased by 8.7% (P 0.018), compared to the control period. Therefore, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) were markedly reduced (both P 0.0001). Soluble ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels decreased by 8.4% (P 0.007) and 14.8% (P 0.015), respectively. Fasting serum glucose concentration decreased by 6.7% (P 0.0001). Triacylglycerol levels did not change. Consumption of this sodium rich carbonated water can play a beneficial role in the prevention of CVD and the metabolic syndrome. J. Nutr. 134: 1058–1063, 2004. |
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| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
