Direct Conversion of Sugars and Ethyl Levulinate into γ ‐ Valerolactone with Superparamagnetic Acid − Base Bifunctional ZrFeO x

Content Provider	Semantic Scholar
Author	Fang, Zhen Yang, Song
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Acid−base bifunctional superparamagnetic FeZrOx nanoparticles were synthesized via a two-step process of solvothermal treatment and hydrolysis−condensation, and were further employed to catalyze the conversion of ethyl levulinate (EL) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) using ethanol as both H-donor and solvent. ZrFeO(1:3)-300 nanoparticles (12.7 nm) with Fe3O4 core covered by ZrO2 layer (0.65 nm thickness) having well-distributed acid−base sites (0.39 vs 0.28 mmol/g), moderate surface area (181 m/g), pore size (9.8 nm), and strong magnetism (35.4 Am kg−1) exhibited superior catalytic performance, giving a high GVL yield of 87.2% at 230 °C in 3 h. The combination of the nanoparticles with solid acid HY2.6 promoted the direct transformation of sugars to produce GVL in moderate yield (around 45%). Moreover, the nanocatalyst was easily recovered by a magnet for six cycles with an average GVL yield of 83.9% from EL.
File Format	PDF HTM / HTML
Alternate Webpage(s)	http://sourcedb.xtbg.cas.cn/yw/ywlw/201602/P020160201624008102420.pdf
Language	English
Access Restriction	Open
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article