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Embryonic muscle development in direct and indirect developing marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida).
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Bolaños, Diana Marcela Litvaitis, Marian K. |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Abstract | We compared embryonic myogenesis of the direct-developing acotylean polyclad Melloplana ferruginea with that of Maritigrella crozieri, a cotylean that develops via a larval stage. Fluorescently labeled F-actin was visualized with laser confocal microscopy. Developmental times are reported as percentages of the time from oviposition to hatching: 7 days for M. crozieri and 22 days for M. ferruginea. The epithelium began to form at 30% development in M. crozieri and at 15% development in M. ferruginea. Random myoblasts appeared in peripheral areas of the embryo at 36% and 22-30% development in M. crozeri and M. ferruginea, respectively. Circular and longitudinal muscle bands formed synchronously at 37-44% development in M. crozieri; yolk obscured observations of early myogenesis in M. ferruginea. An orthogonal muscle grid was established by 45-50% development in both species. Diagonal muscles developed in M. ferruginea at 60-71% development. Hence, juveniles of this species hatch with the same basic body-wall musculature as adults. Larvae of M. crozieri did not hatch with diagonal muscles; these muscles are acquired postmetamorphosis. Additionally, a specialized musculature developed in the larval lobes of M. crozieri. Oral musculature was complex and established by 72% development in both species. Our results are comparable to the muscle differentiation reported for other indirect-developing polyclads and for direct-developing species of macrostomid flatworms. Furthermore, they provide additional support that the orthogonal muscle pattern of circular and longitudinal muscles is a symplesiomorphy of Spiralia. |
| Starting Page | 290 |
| Ending Page | 301 |
| Page Count | 12 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00331.x |
| PubMed reference number | 19469856 |
| Journal | Medline |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | http://mlitvaitis.unh.edu/Research/Bolanos&Litvaitis2009.pdf |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00331.x |
| Journal | Evolution & development |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
