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Insecticidal actions of some botanicals on storage bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) of stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.).
| Content Provider | Semantic Scholar |
|---|---|
| Author | Ogbaji, Moses Odibe Osuman, D. |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | The effect of some botanicals on the control of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) against the bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus during storage was investigated. Three plant materials used were powdered ginger, garlic and bitter leaf, while five varieties of cowpea used included Aloka, IAR48 (Big Brown), IT3629 (Big White), Iron Beans and IT84E-124 (Ife Brown). The experimental design used was a factorial laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) difference among the cowpea varieties and plant materials used. An improved line, IT84E-124 (Ife Brown) resisted C. maculatus attack most during storage and subsequently gave the least weight reduction of 13.51 g during the entire storage period when compared to other varieties. Next was Aloka which gave 48.20 g, followed by IAR 48 (Big Brown), big white and lastly by iron beans (an unimproved line) with kthe highest weight reduction of 126.99 g. Among the treatments, bitter leaf gave the best protection against cowpea bruchid compared to the other plant materials giving least weight reduction of 1.09 g. Next to bitter leaf in efficacy was garlic. The interaction between cowpea varieties and plant materials used was also significant. The relative efficacy of these botanicals showed that they can also be used to preserve cowpea against C. maculatus during storage more so that they are environment friendly and have no negative side effect on human health. INTRODUCTION Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) otherwise called the southern pea belongs to the family Leguminosae and is a crop of high value which contributes significantly to farm income and dietary protein of Africans (Ogbaji, 2002). Cowpea constitutes the cheapest source of protein for most people in the Tropical world where per capital income and consumption of animal protein are both very low (Rachie, 1985). It contains about 24% protein and 62% soluble carbohydrates. It also has high lysine content. Cowpea also serve as a quick cover crop for erosion control and smothering of weed seeds in addition to its capability in fixing up to 240 kgN/ha to the soil after a crop cycle (Rachie, 1985). In Africa, cowpeas are commonly consumed as fried bean cake, beans soup, boiled fresh green beans for salad, boiled bean balls (Danwake), boiled can paste (moin-moin). The haulms and husk of cowpea serve as roughage for livestock (IITA, 2002). Insect infestation is a major contributor to quality deterioration of cowpea stored in warm and humid climates. Considerable physical and nutritional loss sustained on cowpea are due to infestation by weevils, and results in reduction of quality. Currently, insect control in stored cowpea relies primarily on the use of gaseous synthetic fumigants and residual insecticides both of which may pose serious hazards to warm blooded animals and the environment. In Nigeria, multi-tactic control methods have been developed to reduce the menace of storage pests. Cultural methods entail manipulation of the environment to make it unfavourable for growth rate of population build up but it has limited or no remedial value in emergency situations. The use of plant materials for the protection of crops and stored commodities against insect attack has a long history (Golob and Webley, 1980). It is quite safe and promising (Jilani et al., 1988). The use of botanical insecticides to control Callosobruchus maculatus in stored cowpea has the advantage of lowering adverse impacts of chemicals on non-targeted beneficial organisms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v10i2.4 |
| Starting Page | 29 |
| Ending Page | 34 |
| Page Count | 6 |
| File Format | PDF HTM / HTML |
| Volume Number | 10 |
| Alternate Webpage(s) | https://www.ajol.info/index.php/as/article/download/75736/66258 |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
