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Glutathione Is a Key Component in Abiotic Stress Responses
| Content Provider | Scilit |
|---|---|
| Author | Bangash, Sajid Ali Khan Bela, Krisztina |
| Copyright Year | 2020 |
| Description | Glutathione is a low molecular weight thiol, present in almost all living organisms. It is built up from three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine and glycine (Noctor et al. 1998). The biosynthesis of glutathione is catalyzed by two ATP-dependent enzymes in two steps. In plants, the first step of glutathione biosynthesis takes place in plastids, and the second step in the cytosol. In contrast, in mammals, yeasts and bacteria, both steps take place in the cytosol (Galant et al. 2011). In the first reaction, l-cysteine and l-glutamate are combined by the action of the enzyme called glutamate–cysteine ligase (GSH1, EC 6.3.2.2), generating the intermediate γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC). In the second reaction, glycine is attached to the C-terminal of γ-EC and this reaction is catalyzed by glutathione synthase (GSH2, EC 6.3.2.3) forming the tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) (Meister 1988) (Figure 4.1). Figure 4.1 (A) 2D Structure of reduced glutathione (GSH). Tripeptide GSH consists of glutamate, cysteine and glycine. (B) Compartmentation of glutathione in plant cells. The figure reports the key roles of GSH in defense responses activated in plant cells against environmental stresses. Unfavorable environmental conditions result in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different subcellular compartments, which may intracellularly activate anti-oxidants (e.g., key player GSH) and defense responses leading to plant acclimation. Book Name: Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants |
| Related Links | https://content.taylorfrancis.com/books/download?dac=C2018-0-93208-X&isbn=9780429027505&doi=10.1201/9780429027505-4&format=pdf |
| Ending Page | 68 |
| Page Count | 20 |
| Starting Page | 49 |
| DOI | 10.1201/9780429027505-4 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited |
| Publisher Date | 2020-05-13 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Book Name: Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants Plant Sciences Biosynthesis |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
