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Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Crystallized DOW 704 Oil on the Performance of the Well Impactor Ninety-Six Fine Particulate Matter Fractionator
| Content Provider | Scilit |
|---|---|
| Author | Vanderpool, Robert W. Byrd, Lee A. Wiener, Russell W. Hunike, Elizabeth T. Labickas, Michael Leston, Alan R. McElroy, Frank F. Murdoch, Robert W. Natarajan, Sanjay Noble, Christopher A. Peters, Thomas M. |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Description | Journal: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association |
| Abstract | Subsequent to the 1997 promulgation of the Federal Reference Method (FRM) for monitoring fine particulate matter $(PM_{2.5}$) in ambient air, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received reports that the DOW 704 diffusion oil used in the method’s Well Impactor Ninety-Six (WINS) fractionator would occasionally crystallize during field use, particularly under wintertime conditions. Although the frequency of occurrence on a nationwide basis was low, uncertainties existed as to whether crystallization of the DOW 704 oil may adversely affect a sampling event’s data quality. In response to these concerns, EPA and the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection jointly conducted a series of specialized tests to determine whether crystallized oil adversely affected the performance of the WINS fractionator. In the laboratory, an experimental setup used dry ice to artificially induce crystallization of the diffusion oil under controlled conditions. Using primary polystyrene latex calibration aerosols, standard size-selective performance tests of the WINS fractionator showed that neither the position nor the shape of the WINS particle size fractionation curve was substantially influenced by the crystallization of the DOW 704 oil. No large particle bounce from the crystallized impaction surface was observed. During wintertime field tests, crystallization of the DOW 704 oil did not adversely affect measured $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. Regression of measurements with crystallized DOW 704 versus liquid dioctyl sebacate (DOS) oil produced slope, intercept, and $R^{2}$ values of 0.98, 0.1, and 0.997 $μg/m^{3}$, respectively. Additional field tests validated the use of DOS as an effective impaction substrate. As a result of these laboratory and field tests, DOS oil has been approved by EPA as a substitute for DOW 704 oil. Since the field deployment of DOS oil in 2001, users of this alternative oil have not reported any operational problems associated with its use in the $PM_{2.5}$ FRM. Limited field evaluation of the BGI very sharp cut cyclone indicates that it provides a viable alternative to the WINS fractionator. |
| Related Links | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10473289.2007.10465299?needAccess=true |
| Ending Page | 30 |
| Page Count | 17 |
| Starting Page | 14 |
| ISSN | 10962247 |
| e-ISSN | 21622906 |
| DOI | 10.1080/10473289.2007.10465299 |
| Journal | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 57 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited |
| Publisher Date | 2007-01-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Journal: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Environmental Engineering Laboratory and Field Crystallization of the Dow Diffusion Oil |
| Content Type | Text |
| Subject | Atmospheric Science Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law |
