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Size and Composition Distributions of Particulate Matter Emissions: Part 1—Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles
| Content Provider | Scilit |
|---|---|
| Author | Robert, Michael A. Bergen, Saskia Van Kleeman, Michael J. Jakober, Christopher A. |
| Copyright Year | 2007 |
| Abstract | Size-resolved particulate matter (PM) emitted from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) was characterized using filter-based samplers, cascade impactors, and scanning mobility particle size measurements in the summer 2002. Thirty LDGVs, with different engine and emissions control technologies (model years 1965–2003; odometer readings 1264–207,104 mi), were tested on a chassis dynamometer using the federal test procedure (FTP), the unified cycle (UC), and the correction cycle (CC). LDGV PM emissions were strongly correlated with vehicle age and emissions control technology. The oldest models had average ultrafine $PM_{0.1}$ (0.056- to 0.1-μm aerodynamic diameter) and fine $PM_{1.8}$ (≤1.8-μm aerodynamic diame ter) emission rates of 9.6 mg/km and 213 mg/km, respectively. The newest vehicles had $PM_{0.1}$ and $PM_{1.8}$ emis sions of 51 μg/km and 371 μg/km, respectively. Light duty trucks and sport utility vehicles had $PM_{0.1}$ and $PM_{1.8}$ emissions nearly double the corresponding emission rates from passenger cars. Higher PM emissions were associated with cold starts and hard accelerations. The FTP driving cycle produced the lowest emissions, followed by the UC and the CC. PM mass distributions peaked between 0.1-and 0.18-μm particle diameter for all vehicles except those emitting visible smoke, which peaked between 0.18 and 0.32 μm. The majority of the PM was composed of carbonaceous material, with only trace amounts of water-soluble ions. Elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter (OM) had similar size distributions, but the EC/OM ratio in LDGV exhaust particles was a strong function of the adopted emissions control technology and of vehicle maintenance. Exhaust from LDGV classes with lower PM emissions generally had higher EC/OM ratios. LDGVs adopting newer technologies were characterized by the highest EC/OM ratios, whereas OM dominated PM emissions from older vehicles. Driving cycles with cold starts and hard accelerations produced higher EC/OM ratios in ultrafine particles. |
| Related Links | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1414?needAccess=true |
| Ending Page | 1428 |
| Page Count | 15 |
| Starting Page | 1414 |
| ISSN | 10962247 |
| e-ISSN | 21622906 |
| DOI | 10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1414 |
| Journal | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| Volume Number | 57 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited |
| Publisher Date | 2007-12-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Journal: Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Environmental Sciences Distributions Size Emissions Control Technology Matter Cold Starts Driving Cycle Hard Accelerations |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Atmospheric Science Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law |
