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A Systematic Review of Etiological Risk Factors Associated With Early Mortality Among National Football League Players
| Content Provider | SAGE Publishing |
|---|---|
| Author | Owora, Arthur H. Kmush, Brittany L. Walia, Bhavneet Sanders, Shane |
| Copyright Year | 2018 |
| Abstract | Multiple risks predispose professional football players to adverse health outcomes and, in extreme cases, early death; however, our understanding of etiological risk factors related to early mortality is limited.Purpose:To identify etiological risk factors associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among National Football League (NFL) players.Study Design:Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Articles examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors among previous NFL players were identified by systematically searching: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2017. Study eligibility and quality were evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.Results:A total of 801 nonduplicated studies were identified through our search strategy. Of these, 9 studies examining 11 different risk factors were included in the systematic review. Overall, the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was lower among NFL players than among the general male population in the United States. Nonwhite athletes, those in power positions, and those with a high playing-time body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) were associated with elevated all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks.Conclusion:Methodological issues associated with the examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors preclude a definitive conclusion of etiological protective or risk effects. Comparison groups less prone to selection bias (“healthy worker effect”) and a life-course approach to the evaluation of suspected risk factors are warranted to identify etiological factors associated with early mortality among NFL players. |
| Related Links | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2325967118813312?download=true |
| ISSN | 23259671 |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| Volume Number | 6 |
| Journal | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJS) |
| e-ISSN | 23259671 |
| DOI | 10.1177/2325967118813312 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Sage Publications CA |
| Publisher Date | 2018-12-19 |
| Publisher Place | Los Angeles |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | © The Author(s) 2018 |
| Subject Keyword | risk factors NFL early mortality National Football League etiological |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Orthopedics and Sports Medicine |
