NDLI: Conversion of furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinate fuel additives over Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SBA-15 catalyst

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Sustainable Energy & Fuels Vol - 1 Issue - 2

Sustainable Energy & Fuels Vol - 1 Issue - 1

Conversion of furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinate fuel additives over Al₂O₃/SBA-15 catalyst

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Kamaraju, Seetha Rama Rao Burri, David Raju Koppadi, Kumara Swamy Enumula, Siva Sankar Gurram, Venkata Ramesh Babu
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Alkyl levulinates are promising renewable chemicals in the field of transportation fuels. In this work, the production of alkyl levulinates from furfuryl alcohol was investigated over a series of Al2O3/SBA-15 catalysts prepared by the wet impregnation method. The physicochemical features of the synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption, SEM, TEM, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, pyridine-adsorbed FT-IR and ICP-OES techniques. These analyses showed that the Al2O3/SBA-15 catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure of parent SBA-15 and that alumina particles were highly dispersed in the uniform pore channels of SBA-15. Al2O3 impregnation over SBA-15 resulted in enhanced acidity and the easy accessibility of active sites to reactants. Among the catalysts, 20 wt% Al2O3/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited the best activity in the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol with n-butanol, giving 94% selectivity toward n-butyl levulinate in a batch process. The reaction proceeded via formation of intermediates 2-butoxymethylfuran and 5,5-dibutoxy-2-pentanone, followed by conversion to n-butyl levulinate. The effects of various reaction parameters, including alumina loading, temperature, catalyst amount, n-butanol volume, and different alcohols, were studied. Catalyst recyclability was tested and the spent catalyst characterized. The 20 wt% Al2O3/SBA-15 catalyst was also active in n-butyl levulinate synthesis using a continuous process.
Starting Page	644
Ending Page	651
Page Count	8
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	23984902
Volume Number	1
Issue Number	3
Journal	Sustainable Energy & Fuels
DOI	10.1039/c6se00103c
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Aluminium oxide Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Solvolysis Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Physisorption N-Butanol X-ray crystallography Ammonia Mesoporous material Transmission electron microscopy Renewable energy Alkyl Furfuryl alcohol Pentanone
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Fuel Technology Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Energy Engineering and Power Technology

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