NDLI: Bright metal coatings from sustainable electrolytes: the effect of molecular additives on electrodeposition of nickel from a deep eutectic solvent

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Harris, Robert C. Abbott, Andrew P. Juma, Jamil A. Ballantyne, Andrew Ryder, Karl S.
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Organic and inorganic additives are often added to nickel electroplating solutions to improve surface finish, reduce roughness and promote uniform surface morphology of the coatings. Such additives are usually small molecules and often referred to as brighteners or levellers. However, there have been limited investigations into the effect of such additives on electrodeposition from ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Here we study the effect of four additives on electrolytic nickel plating from an ethyleneglycol based DES; these are nicotinic acid (NA), methylnicotinate (MN), 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) and boric acid (BA). The additives show limited influence on the bulk Ni(II) speciation but have significant influence on the electrochemical behaviour of Ni deposition. Small concentrations (ca. 15 mM) of NA and MN show inhibition of Ni(II) reduction whereas high concentrations of DMH and BA are required for a modest difference in behaviour from the additive free system. NA and MN also show that they significantly alter the nucleation and growth mechanism when compared to the additive free system and those with DMH and BA. Each of the additive systems had the effect of producing brighter and flatter bulk electrodeposits with increased coating hardness but XRD shows that NA and MN direct crystal growth to the [111] orientation whereas DMH and BA direct crystal growth to the [220] orientation.
Starting Page	3219
Ending Page	3231
Page Count	13
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14639076
Volume Number	19
Issue Number	4
Journal	Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
DOI	10.1039/c6cp08720e
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	X-ray crystallography Ethylene glycol Deep eutectic solvent Nucleation Nickel electroplating Electrochemistry Nickel Electroplating Hardness DMH Speciation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physics and Astronomy Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

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