NDLI: Biodegradation of carbon nanohorns in macrophage cells

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Zhang, Minfang Yang, Mei Kostarelos, Kostas Iijima, Sumio Bussy, Cyrill Yudasaka, Masako
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	With the rapid developments in the medical applications of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanohorns (CNHs), carbon nanotubes, and graphene based nanomaterials, understanding the long-term fate, health impact, excretion, and degradation of these materials has become crucial. Herein, the in vitro biodegradation of CNHs was determined using a non-cellular enzymatic oxidation method and two types of macrophage cell lines. Approximately 60% of the CNHs was degraded within 24 h in a phosphate buffer solution containing myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, approximately 30% of the CNHs was degraded by both RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophage cells within 9 days. Inflammation markers such as pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α were not induced by exposure to CNHs. However, reactive oxygen species were generated by the macrophage cells after uptake of CNHs, suggesting that these species were actively involved in the degradation of the nanomaterials rather than in an inflammatory pathway induction.
Starting Page	2834
Ending Page	2840
Page Count	7
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20403364
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	7
Journal	Nanoscale
DOI	10.1039/c4nr06175f
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biodegradation Reactive oxygen species Nanomaterials Buffer solution Carbon Carbon nanotube Interleukin 6 Tumor necrosis factor alpha Graphene Phosphate Myeloperoxidase Raw image format Macrophage
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

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